1. Constructing/Testing 4-Pair Cabling Systems
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK CABLING
MODULE 4
Constructing/Testing 4-Pair Cabling Systems
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

2. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4 1
Goal 4
At the completion of this module, students will be able to construct, test and troubleshoot 4 pair twisted pair cabling systems. Students use the ACT with DAVETM unit to test cabling systems for shorts, opens, transposals, split pairs, dual lighting LED’s, and reversals and map pair configurations
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

3. 4 Objectives: 4.1 Identify the ACT with DAVETM units
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Objectives:
4.1 Identify the ACT with DAVETM units
4.2 Identify and define the pair layout and pin assignment illustrated on the Banner Board
4.3 Define Foreign Voltage and how it applies to cabling systems
4.4 Define and correctly interpret DAVE-3TM Receiver responses for the following conditions:
4.4.1A normal configured cable, A cable with Reversals
4.4.3A cable with an Open, A cable with a Short, A cable with a Split
Pair, A cable that causes Dual lighting of a LED, A cable with Transposals
4.5 Test a UTP and STP cable using the DAVE-3TM Test set
4.6 Diagram a wire map for a terminated UTP cabling system
4.7 Define set up and use procedures for the 3 blade cable stripper and cable jacket stripper
4.8 Define how to use the 8P8C Crimper
4.9 Given UTP cable, plugs and tools, correctly terminate and test a UTP cabling system
4.10 Given STP cable, shielded plugs and tools, correctly terminate and test a STP cable system
4.11 Using the ACT panel and the DAVE-3TM test set observe a foreign voltage indication
4.12 Using the ACT panel configure the jumpers and anticipate and record the DAVE-3TM responses for the following conditions:
Open
Short
Reversal
Transposal
Transposal with Reversal
Split Pairs and Dual Lighting LEDs
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

4. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
The Banner Board displays information about 4-Pair cables and the various configurations used to terminate 4-Pair to 8P8C modular connectors.
Across the top of the Banner Board are five diagrams labeled T568A, T568B, USOC, Ethernet, and IBM Token-Ring.
These diagrams represent the most common ways of connecting a 4-Pair cable to the 8P8C modular Plug or 8P8C modular Jack.
Only two of these wiring configurations are aligned with industry standards.
They are the 568A and 568B configurations. A technician may see the other configurations in older systems.
In the cabling industry, this type of diagram is called a Pair Layout.
In the middle of the Banner Board is a representation in color of the four different pairs of wire con-tained in a cable.
It displays the method used to tell a Tip from a Ring within each pair.
Figure 4.1.1
The diagram displays Pair 1, Pair 2, Pair 3, and Pair 4 with the Tip and Ring wires showing the color designation.
This color code allows each wire to be identified at both ends of a cable easily and quickly. Once again, refer to your wallet reference card.
The bottom of the Banner Board shows tester responses that you will be working with in this module.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

5. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Look on the Banner Board at the 568B wiring configuration. In the diagram you see the numbers
1 - 8 from left to right.
These numbers represent the Positions in the 8P8C modular connector.
The locations within either a plug or a jack are located in the same position. The 4 pairs of wire are represented above the positions and are shown in color and with a label designating Pair 1, 2, 3, and 4.
In the 568B configuration, you will see that the:
white/orange wire is connected to 1
The orange/white wire is connected to 2.
The white/green wire is connected to 3.
The blue/white wire is connected to 4,
The white/blue wire is connected to 5.
The green/white wire is connected to 6.
The white/brown wire is connected to 7
The brown/white wire is connected to 8.
1 is the Tip of Pair 2 (T2).
Two is the Ring of Pair 2 (R2).
Three is the Tip of Pair 3 (T3).
Four is the Ring of Pair 1 (R1).
Five is the Tip of Pair 1 (T1).
Six is the Ring of Pair 3 (R3).
Seven is the Tip of Pair 4 (T4),
Eight is the Ring of Pair 4 (R4).
*Note that for both standard configurations the Tips are the odd numbered positions and the rings are the even numbered positions*
Figure 4.2.1
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

6. Modular Jack Connectivity
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Modular Jack Connectivity
Modular jack near the lower left corner of the ACT panel, the red (or blue) modular jack on the patch panel, and the eight red jacks are connected.
The 8 red (or blue) jacks represent the 8 positions within the red modular jack.
The red and blue jacks are connected with jumpers. For the purposes of this course, signals pass from the red side to the blue side.
Figure 4.3.1
Figure 4.3.2
Rules to Follow While Working with Jumpers
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

7. Classroom Demonstration: A Quick Introduction to Deciphering DAVE-3TM
The first and most important concept you must understand before learning how to decipher your DAVE-3TM results is this: the Transmitter sends a signal to each pair in turn; the Receiver interprets that signal and sends it to a particular pair LED based on the configuration of the system
NOTE: Throughout this program you will be asked to record your observations of the DAVE-3TM Receiver. You can either use colored pencils for the Green and Red LEDs, or the "Test Results Key" shown here.
Step 1. Configure your unit as shown below: Insert a 4-pair UTP Known Good Cable (KGC) into the 568B jack on the DAVE-3TM Transmitter.
Insert the other end of the cable into the Red 8P8C jack on the ACT unit. Insert a 4-pair UTP KGC into the 568B jack on the DAVE-3TM Receiver. Insert the other end of that cable into the Blue 8P8C jack on the ACT unit.
Using a jumper, connect the red 5 jack to the blue 5 jack. Using another jumper, connect the Red 4 jack to the Blue 4 jack. This completes the connection for Pair 1.
Figure 4.4.1
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

8. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Figure 4.5.1
Step 2. Set the DAVE-3TM Transmitter for cable test. Pause for 1 second. The Transmitter "CABLE TEST" LED lights. This stays on for five seconds. During this time, the Transmitter tests only Pair 1 for the 1st second, only Pair 2 for the 2nd second, only Pair 3 for the 3rd second, and only Pair 4 for the 4th second. It then tests only the shield circuit for the 5th second. After testing all four Pairs and the shield, there is a one-second pause in which the "CABLE TEST" LED goes off and the system resets. This cycle repeats automatically every six seconds until the DAVE-3TM Transmitter is turned off.
The start and end of each cycle can be determined by watching the CABLE TEST LED. The LED lights only when the test routine is active. The LED turns off for one second in between the shield test and the testing of Pair 1.
Step 3. Now, observe the DAVE-3TM Transmitter and the DAVE-3TM Receiver, side by side. Remember you have connected only Pair 1. The PAIR 1 LED will light Green in the 1st second of the test sequence, and then turn off for the remainder of the test sequence.
The Pair 1 LED lights only when the Transmitter is testing Pair 1. This Green LED indicates PAIR ONE is terminated correctly, TIP to TIP, and RING to RING. Green means Good.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

9. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Figure 4.6.1
Reversal
Step 1. Reverse the position of the jumpers so that Red 4 is connected to Blue 5 and Red 5, to Blue 4.
Step 2. Set the DAVE-3TM Transmitter for Cable Test. The PAIR 1 LED will light Red in the 1st second of the test sequence. This Red LED indicates PAIR ONE is not terminated correctly. The TIP is connected to the Ring, and the RING is connected to the Tip. This is called a REVERSAL. A Red LED means a Reversal.
Step 3. Place the jumpers in their correct position: Red 4 to Blue 4 and Red 5 to Blue 5. The PAIR 1 LED on the DAVE-3TM Receiver should go back to GREEN.
Figure 4.6.2
Step 4. Complete Pair 2 by placing jumpers from Red 1 to Blue 1 and Red 2 to Blue 2.
On the Receiver, Pair 1 LED lights Green for the first second of the test sequence, then Pair 2 LED lights Green for the next second of the test sequence. This indicates good connections for PAIR 1 and PAIR 2.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

10. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Open/Short
Figure 4.7.1
Step 1. Start with the jumpers for Pairs 1 and 2 in the correct positions. Remove the jumper from the Blue 5 jack, but leave it plugged into the Red 5 Jack. This disconnects the Tip position of Pair 1. This condition on Pair 1 is called an OPEN.
Figure 4.7.2
Take a look at the DAVE-3TM Receiver. The Pair 1 LED does not light. Only the Pair 2 LED lights Green in the 2nd second of the testing cycle. When an OPEN TIP occurs on a pair, the associated Pair LED on the DAVE-3TM Receiver does not light.
Step 2. Take the other end of the jumper that is still connected to Red 5 and place it in one
of the unused Red Jacks. The Pair 1 LED does not light. This condition is called a SHORT. A SHORT occurs when the TIP of one pair comes in contact with another conductor.
Step 3. Place the pin jumpers in their correct position – Red 1 to Blue 1, Red 2 to Blue 2, Red 4 to Blue 4, and Red 5 to Blue 5.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

11. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Split Pair
Simple Split Pairs
Figure 4.8.1
Step 1. Start with the jumpers for Pairs 1 and 2 in the correct positions. Remove the jumper
from Blue 4 jack (Pair 1 Ring) and place it in the Blue 6 jack. Six is the Pair 3 Ring position. This condition results in a common wiring fault: "Splitting the Pair". A split pair is any wiring condition in which the Tip and Ring of a Pair are not terminated on a pair position. The Ring does not “follow” the Tip. In the cable system shown above, the Ring of Pair 1 is connected to the Ring position of Pair 3.
In the 1st second of the testing cycle the PAIR 1 LED lights Green. This means that the Tip of Pair 1 is terminated properly.
The Split Pair LED also Lights. This tells us that the Ring of Pair 1 did not follow the Tip.
We don’t have enough information to where the Ring is, but we do know it’s not where it’s supposed to be.
In the 2nd second of the testing cycle PAIR 2 LED lights Green. This response indicates that Pair 2 is terminated correctly.
Step 2. Place the pin jumpers in their correct position: Red 1 to Blue 1, Red 2 to Blue 2, Red 4 to Blue 4, and Red 5 to Blue 5.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

12. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Transposals
Figure 4.9.1
Step 1. Start with the jumpers for all four pairs in their correct positions. Make the following changes to the wiring configuration:
Connect Red 3 to Blue 1. (Pair 3 Tip to Pair 2 Tip).
Connect Red 6 to Blue 2. (Pair 3 Ring to Pair 2 Ring). 1
Connect Red 1 to Blue 3. (Pair 2 Tip to Pair 3 Tip).
Connect Red 2 to Blue 6. (Pair 2 Ring to Pair 3 Ring).
Pair 2 LED lights Green in the 3rd second because the Pair 3 Tip and Ring on the Transmitter are terminated to the Pair 2 Tip and Ring position on the Receiver. The signal sent out on Pair 3 by the Transmitter arrives on the Pair 2 LED on the Receiver.
Pair 4 LED lights Green in the 4th second because Pair 4 is terminated correctly.
All the LEDs are green because Tips are connected to Tips and Rings are connected to Rings. This switching of Pairs is called a TRANSPOSAL. TRANSPOSALS result in an out-of-sequence lighting of LEDs on the DAVE-3TM Receiver. 14 16 8 13 12 6
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

13. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Dual Lighting LED
Figure
Step 1. Configure your unit using the diagram above. Terminate the Tip and Ring of Pair 2. Connect the Tip of Pair 1 to the Tip of Pair 1 and connect the Tip of Pair 4 to the Ring of Pair 1.
Step 2. Check the DAVE-3TM response. You should see G1, G2, B3, R1 PAUSE OFF.
If this is not the response, please check with your instructor to be sure that you have wired correctly.
With the jumpers in this position, the DAVE-3TM response should be Green Pair 1, then Green Pair 2, one second with no LED lighting, and then Red Pair 1.
Pair 1 LED lights Green in the 1st second because the Tip of Pair 1 is terminated correctly.
Pair 2 LED lights Green in the 2nd second because Pair 2 is terminated correctly.
In the 3rd second, Pair 3 LED does not light. Pair 3 Tip and Ring (pins 3 and 6) are not terminated.
Pair 1 LED lights RED in the 4th second. This is because the Tip of Pair 4 is sending its signal to the Ring of Pair 1. The LED is Red because it indicates one half of a reversal.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

14. Dual Lighting LED (cont.)
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Dual Lighting LED (cont.)
Step 3. Place the jumpers in their correct position as shown above. (Red 1 to Blue 1, Red 2 to Blue 2, Red 3 to Blue 3, Red 4 to Blue 4, Red 5 to Blue 5, Red 6 to Blue 6, Red 7 to Blue 7, Red 8 to Blue 8).
Step 4 Check your response, the DAVE-3TM response should be as follows.
G1 G2 G3 G4 PAUSE OFF and repeat.
Figure
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15. Testing a Shielded System
Introduction to Fiber optic-Based Systems and Safety 4
Testing a Shielded System
When working with Shielded Twisted Pair cable, your DAVE-3TM tester will let you know if the shield is properly terminated. The bright Green lighting of the Shield OK LED will indicate this.
For this demonstration, replace the UTP KGC’s with gray STP test KGC connecting your
DAVE-3TM Transmitter and Receiver to the ACT unit. Notice the jacks on the Transmitter and Receiver and on the ACT unit are shielded with metal. Your results should be as follows: G1 G2
G3 G4 G "Shield OK" OFF and repeat.
A Green lighting of the Shield OK LED indicates that the drain wire is terminated properly. This indicates Shield OK. If the shield were not OK, the LED would not light.
You can test the shield with as few as one jumper connected on the ACT Panel, so long as at least one end is plugged into a Tip position.
Note: It is not possible to check the shield through the ACT unit if it is a Version A model.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

16. Testing a Shielded System (cont.)
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Testing a Shielded System (cont.)
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

17. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Wire Mapping
Figure
A wire map is a diagram representing the connection between one connector and another—for example, the wires that connect a plug to a plug or a jack to a jack.
When a Category 5E, or above category, installation is being performed, a wire map for each connection is required by standard. The following is a wire map for the cable system shown above. 1
White/Orange 5
White/Blue 2
Orange/White 6
Green/White 3
White/Green 7
White/Brown 4
Blue/White 8
Brown/White
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18. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Tool Safety
Before we use any tools or begin any constructions, we should review safety procedures. Here are some safety reminders:
Always wear your safety glasses when you or anyone near you is cutting or stripping copper cable.
Never use a tool for a purpose other than its intended use.
Cable strippers and cable cutters are sharp. Never put anything other than a length of cable in them.
Never put the crimpers on any part of your body (or anyone else’s body).
Always clean up and safely dispose of any wire scraps.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

19. Procedures for Stripping and Crimping Twisted Pair Cable
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Procedures for Stripping and Crimping Twisted Pair Cable
Figure
Figure
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20. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
When you use the 3-Blade Wire Stripper, here are some things to look out for:
Make sure the three-blade block is correctly and completely seated in the stripper.
Remove all residue (scraps of insulation, etc) from the jaws of the stripper before using it. CAUTION: Use a tool to do this, not your fingers. The blades are SHARP.
With the slide bar facing you, blade 1 is on the left; blade 2 is in the middle, and blade 3 is on the right.
When stripping a cable, insert the cable into the stripper from the left so that the free end extends past the right edge of the stripper about 1/4 ".
Always start with the Stripper in the Zero Set Condition:
Rotate all hex set adjusting screws counter-clockwise until fully out. This puts the blades in their lowest position
Set the slide bar on the front of the stripper to the 59 position.
Adjust the blades to cut to a specific depth by rotating the appropriate set screw clockwise to raise it (make it cut more deeply into the cable) or counter-clockwise to lower it (make it cut less deeply into the cable). Rotate the set screws a quarter rotation at a time; then perform a test strip on the cable you wish to strip. If a blade is positioned too high (so that it cuts too deeply into the cable), back off the set screw, (turn it counter-clockwise) and place a cable in the stripper.
Move the slide bar up and down according to the diameter of the cable. A setting of 59 is used for 4-pair cable.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

21. Introduction to Fiber optic-Based Systems and Safety4
Cable Jacket Stripper
In addition to the three-bladed stripper, your ACT unit may contain the Cable Jacket Stripper shown on the right to strip the jacket off UTP cable. The tool can be used with one hand. Place the middle finger through the opening and push up on the tool with the thumb and forefinger. This opens the pathway for the cable to be inserted.
The Cable Jacket Stripper also has numbered settings. For normal 4-pair cable the tool needs to be set at either the 4 or 5 position.
Insert the cable in the tool, and turn the tool a few counterclockwise turns. This should be enough to cut the cable jacket. Once the jacket is cut, push up to free the blade and remove the jacket from the cable and expose the four twisted pairs.
Figure
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22. Twisted Pair Crimping Procedure
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Twisted Pair Crimping Procedure
Step 1. Once the twisted pair wires are fully inserted into the 8P8C modular plug, carefully insert the modular plug into the portion of the crimp die that resembles an 8P8C modular jack. The plug should be fully inserted. This correctly aligns the 8P8C plug with the crimping tool.
Step 2. Make sure the twisted pair wires are still fully seated in the plug. Also make sure the cable jacket extends far enough into the modular plug to be trapped by the strain relief component of the plug. Once everything is in its proper place, the actual crimp process can begin.
Step 3. Gently squeeze the crimp tool handles together until the jaws engage the plug. To make sure the metal contacts of the plug are fully seated, continue to squeeze the handles together until they will travel no further. If correctly seated, a modular plug cannot be over-crimped.
Step 4. Release the handle of the crimp tool to let it open. Remove the plug from the crimp tool.
Step 5. Inspect the plug to assure that the metal contacts have been fully seated. If they are not, damage can be done to the 8P8C jack this plug is inserted into. If there is concern that the contacts are not fully seated, insert the plug into the tool and repeat the crimp process. Make sure the crimp tool handles are completely closed during the process. Then take another look to make sure the metal contacts are fully seated.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

23. 4 Crimpers Figure 4.20.1 Figure 4.20.2 Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Crimpers
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

24. Troubleshooting with ACT with DAVE TM
Introduction to Fiber optic-Based Systems and Safety 4
Troubleshooting with ACT with DAVE TM
The primary function of the DAVE-3TM Test Set is to identify (troubleshoot) problems in cabling systems in the field. Typical problems in cabling systems include:
The existence of foreign voltage.
An open or break in one or more wires.
A short or cross-connection in one or more wires.
A transposal of pairs.
A reversal of one or more wires.
A split pair of one or more wires.
Cable which has been assembled improperly.
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25. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Foreign Voltage
Foreign voltage is any unwanted voltage in the system. When the system is powered down, there may still be electric current running through the wires.
This is foreign voltage. The system may have crossed wires with a power line or other power source.
Foreign voltage is always undesirable and should be eliminated. This is the first test that should be performed before working on any system.
If you detect foreign voltage, stop what you are doing and report the situation to your supervisor or your customer. The foreign voltage must be eliminated before work can resume.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

26. For a 568B configuration the sequence will be:
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
The Pair LEDS
Keep the Transmitter and Receiver connected to the red and blue jacks. Keep all the jumpers connected. Make sure the battery (or batteries) are installed. Set the Transmitter to Cable Test.
Push down and hold the switch labeled "LEDs On/Off" or “LED Test” on the ACT panel. Observe the lighting sequence of the LEDs located above the jacks on the ACT unit. The LEDs illuminate when a signal is being transmitted through the jumpers. Therefore, the LEDs illuminate in the sequence that the Pairs are being tested.
For a 568B configuration the sequence will be:
Pair 1: Pins 4 and 5
Pair 2: Pins 1 and 2
Pair 3: Pins 3 and 6
Pair 4: Pins 7 and 8
Figure
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27. Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
The Pair LEDS (cont.)
3. Repeat step 2; however, this time, in the space above the LEDs, label each Pair LED with the Pair conductor that is being tested during each time interval (Tip 1, Ring 2, etc).
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28. Introduction to Fiber optic-Based Systems and Safety4
The Pair LEDS (cont.)
2. In the space below, color in the LEDs that are lighting during the indicated time interval of the testing cycle.
Figure
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29. A Bit More on Split Pairs
Introduction to Fiber optic-Based Systems and Safety 4
A Bit More on Split Pairs
As we have seen, there are many terminations that can result in a Split Pair. The example in Step 2 of the previous exercise (shown below) gives the DAVE-3TM Receiver response G1 G4SP G3 G2SP, which looks very much like a Transposal. The Split Pair indicator tells you that it is not a Transposal because the Tip and Ring from the Transmitter are not terminated to the same Pair on the Receiver.
Figure
It is possible to have a reading of four (4) Split Pairs. They could be either all Green, Tip-to-Tip, or Red, Tip-to-Ring, or a combination of both. It is of the utmost importance to pay close attention to your DAVE-3TM Receiver and watch for the Red LED of the Split Pair. By understanding that the Transmitter determines when an LED lights up, and the Receiver determines which LED lights up, you will be able to decipher which Pairs are split.
Introduction to Network Cabling Copper Based Systems

30. 4 Overall Lesson You now possess the necessary tools to:
Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
Overall Lesson
You now possess the necessary tools to:
test cabling systems
understand the problems that exist within a system
how to make the needed corrections.
In the next module you will put this knowledge to work in "real world" simulations.
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31. © 1998-2012 by C-Tech Associates, Inc.
Introduction to Networking Copper-Based Systems (Version 3.3)
© by C-Tech Associates, Inc.
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32. QUESTIONS? Module Test Time! 4 Constructing/Testing
4-Pair Cabling Systems 4
QUESTIONS?
Module Test Time!
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