1. HORMONES Part 2
Henderson

2. Local VS Systemic Local Systemic Synthesizes in various tissue types
Exert profound changes in the body.
Act locally
Act throughout the entire body.
Have a regulatory effect.
Produced by one specific gland.

3. Local Hormones Histamine: Prostaglandins:
Found in all tissues of the body.
Causes bronchial constriction, stomach acid secretion, blood vessel dilation, and local swelling, pain and itching
Prostaglandins:
A group of hormones that cause a variety of local reactions.
Cause uterine and bronchial contractions/relaxations, decreased gastric secretions, pain and inflammation.

4. When too much Histamine is released…
Could be caused by an allergic reaction, seasonal allergies, or overproduction of histamine in general, the body needs an antihistamine to counteract the histamine.
Used for the treatment of allergies, rash, hay fever, motion sickness, nausea, and dizziness.
Side effects: Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects

5. Sedating Antihistamines
BRAND
GENERIC
USE
Benadryl
Diphenhydramine
Allergies
Chlor-Trimeton
Chlorpheniramine
Atarax/Vistaril
Hydroxyzine
Antivert, Bonine, Dramamine
Meclizine
Nausea/motion sickness
Phenergan
Promethazine
Competitively antagonize histamine at the H1 receptor to block antihistamine.

6. Non-Sedating Antihistamines Type 1
Brand
Generic
Use
Claritin
Loratidine
Allergies
Allegra
Fexofenadine
Zyrtec
Cetirizine
Claritin-D, Zyrtec-D, Allegra-D
All have the same active ingredient as above however they also contain Pseudoephedrine (PSE) which is a decongestant and can cause increased blood pressure.

7. Non-Sedating Antihistamines Type II
Brand
Generic
Use
Tagamet
Cimetidine
Acid reflux
Zantac
Ranitidine
Pepcid
Famotidine
Completely block histamine at the H2 receptors. They are sued to treat ulcers and reflux disease/heartburn.

8. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
These are not H2 receptor antaonists or antihistamines
They provide long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production by blocking the enzyme system that secretes gastric acid.
Used for Dyspepsia (ia- pertaining to, dys- Painful, peps/o- digestion), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Side effects: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and dizziness.

9. PPIs Brand Generic Use Prilosec Omeprazole GERD Prevacid Lansoprazole
Nexium
Esomeprazole
Protonix
Pantoprazole

10. What is Prostaglandin?
A group of hormones that cause a variety of local reactions such as:
Uterine and Bronchial Contractions and Relaxation
Decreased gastric secretions
Pain
Inflammation

11. When too much Prostaglandin is released
Due to an injury or degenerative disease like arthritis, a Prostaglandin Antagonist would be used to decrease swelling/fever and reduce pain.
A Prostaglandin Antagonist inhibits or reverses the actions of Prostaglandin by blocking Cox1 and Cox2 enzymes. Cox1 is present in most tissues and also maintains a normal stomach lining. Cox2 is primarily present at sites of inflammation.

12. Prostaglandin Antagonist
Uses: Arthritis, minor pain, fever and inflammation
Side effects- ulcers and kidney damage

13. NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) Prostaglandin Antagonist
BRAND
GENERIC
USE
Motrin/Advil
Ibuprofen
Swelling, Fever, Pain
Aleve/Naprosyn
Naproxen
Voltaren
Diclofenac
Indocin
Indomethacin
Feldene
Piroxicam
Lodine
Etodelac
Toradol
Ketorolac
Mobic
Meloxicam
Ecotrin, Bayer
Aspirin
Relefen
Nabumetone
Cox2 selective: Celebrex
Celecoxib

14. What are PROGESTINS?
Systemic hormones excreted by the Corpus Luteum (a hormone- secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an egg has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun)
Most commonly used for:
Hormone replacement (menopause)
Contraception
BRAND
GENERIC
USE
Provera
Medroxyprogesterone
Hormone replacement

15. Prostaglandins Used for NSAID ulcer prevention and abortion Brand
Generic
Use
Cytotec
Misoprostol
Abortion

16. Systemic Hormones
Androgens: Male hormones that are secreted by the testes which are responsible for development of sexual characteristics.
Most commonly used tor:
Testosterone deficiency
Muscle Wasting (severely anemic and cancer patients)
Side Effects: Masculinizing effects
BRAND
GENERIC
USE
Androgel/Androderm/Testim
Testosterone
Hormone deficiency

17. Systemic Hormones Continued…
Estrogens: female hormones secreted by the ovaries that are responsible for development of sexual characteristics.
Most commonly used for:
Hormone replacement (menopause)
Prevent Osteoporosis
Contraception
Side Effects: headaches, blood clots
Brand
Generic
Premarin
Conjugated Estrogens
Ogen
Estropipate