1. SOUTH ASIA

2. INTRODUCING SOUTH ASIA
Sometimes called the .
Home to about 1/4 of the world’s people.
Region of great cultural contrasts.
Home to 39% of the world’s poor who earn less than $1 a day.
Indian Subcontinent

3. Subcontinent Landmass like a continent, only smaller
Bordered by the (1)Himalayan Mountains, (2)Arabian Sea, (3)Bay of Bengal, and (4)Indian Ocean.  Is it’s own small tectonic plate moving north (creates the Himalayan Mountains)
Picture of south Asia
Himalayas
Bay of
Bengal
Arabian
Sea
Indian Ocean

4. GEOGRAPHY 3 major rivers: I. II. III.
Area was created when the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate.
Home to Himalayas – world’s highest mountain.
3 major rivers: I.
II.
“brings life to the people”
III.
Indus
Ganges
Brahmaputra

5. The Himalayas More than a 1,000 miles long & 100 miles wide
Tallest mountains in the world
Called the “Roof of the World”

7. Mt. Everest
World’s highest peak
29,035 feet

8. Sherpas – mountain people, who are used as mountain guides

9. Maldives Islands
Atoll Islands, formed by the remains of sunken volcanoes, and coral reefs
Are an archipelago – chain of islands
The Maldives comprise over 1,200 islands

10. CLIMATE
(1)Humid subtropical, (2)Tropical wet and dry, (3) Tropical wet, (4)Semiarid (5) Desert.
Monsoons affect climate of South Asia.
Coastal regions are often struck by tropical cyclones.
Earthquakes are common in the region.

12. Monsoons Seasonal winds Between October and May DRY winds
Between June and September  WARM moist air
Very heavy rains during this time
450 inches of rain (37 ½ feet!!!)
Joyous Celebration = good for crops (rice)

13. Monsoon diagram

16. Cyclone
A hurricane that occurs in South Asia/ Indian Ocean

18. Vocabulary Time!
On the Left Side of your notebook, write the term and definition; on the Right Side of your notebook, draw a picture for EACH term!
Subcontinent
Alluvial Plain
Atoll
Monsoon
Cyclone
Caste System
Sherpa

19. Human Geography HISTORY
Ancient civilizations developed in the Indus River valley.
Portuguese = 1st to colonize
1858: Most of the area officially became part of the British Empire. Considered the “Jewel in the Crown” of the empire.
Demands for independence around early 20th century were led by Gandhi in India.

20. History of India Began in the Indus Valley
The Indus River (modern day Pakistan)
Controlled by Hindus and also Muslims

21. European’s came to the area looking for spices
The British gained control of the area and established direct rule (period called the raj)

22. Creation of Modern India
Ruled by Britain as a colony
Left after WWII and split India into two countries  India and Pakistan
India became a Hindu state
Pakistan a Muslim state

23. Fighting over Kashmir region

24. CULTURE Home to 3 major religions.
Indus Valley Civilization = 1 of the world’s first advanced civilizations.
Hinduism
Buddhism
Sikhism

25. Hinduism
A complex religion that has many gods

26. Cows are sacred to Hindus

27. * Karma
Moral consequences of a person’s actions

28. * Reincarnation
The rebirth of souls after death, and the moral actions of a person determine how a person is reincarnated.
When the cycle of reincarnation is over, a person becomes one with god – Nirvana or “Moksha”

29. * Caste System
A system of social classes – can only move between castes through reincarnation.
Four basic castes
The Brahmans (priests and scholars)
The Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors)
The Vaisyas (farmers and merchants)
The Sudras (artisans and laborers)
* The untouchables (dirty jobs)

30. The Brahmans
Highest “class” or caste
Teachers, Priests, Doctors

31. Kshatriyas
Kings and Nobility
Warriors
Second most prestigious

32. Vaishyas
Merchants and Farmers

33. Sudras
Artists
Workers
Service Providers

34. Untouchables Excluded from society all together Outcasts
Also known as “dalits”
Face violence and discrimination

35. Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as “Buddha”
A philosophy of living life that is similar to Hinduism
Use mandalas (geometric designs) to symbolize the universe and aid in meditation

36. * Nirvana Enlightenment
When one meditates and achieves the highest level of spirituality

37. Sikhism (SEEKism) A monotheistic religion
God=Vahiguru (Sikh God has no gender is not male or female…)
Guru’s= religious teachers
6th largest world religion
Main goal is to avoid the 5 evils…
Ego
Anger
Greed
Attachment
Lust

38. Sikhism Originated in Northern India around the 16th century
Founder: Guru Nanak
9 other gurus (enlightened leaders)
Beliefs:
1 God
Salvation through meditation
Samsara (repetitive cycle of birth, life, and death)
Elements of Hinduism and Islam
Sacred Text: Shri Guru Granth
REJECT CASTE SYSTEM
KARMA
Reincarnation

39. Sikhism Practices/Celebrations
Nam simra: repetition of divine name
Attend Gurdwara: Temple
Must wear the 5K’s when baptized.
Kesa (long hair-turban used to cover hair)
Kangah (comb)
Kacha (short pants)
Kara (metal bracelet)
Kirpan (ceremonial dagger)
Drinking of alcohol and smoking is prohibited

40. Gandhi and Mother Teresa
Catholic Nun from
Calcutta;
Helped the
poor w/various
programs
Persuaded British to leave
India through non-violent
actions

41. Human Geography AGRICULTURE
60% of the population are farmers.
Slow rate of industrialization.
Produce calicoes (fine fabric woven from cotton and printed with colorful patterns).
Lack of industrial resources.

42. Has 1 billion people, and is growing!!!

43. Literacy = the # of people who can read.

44. PROBLEMS Rapid population growth. Poverty grows with population.
Poor communication systems.
Lack of education.
Low literacy rates.
Dependence on farming
2/3s = farmers

45. Solutions
Land reform – redistribute land more fairly
The Green Revolution – new farming techniques and better varieties of grain to make land more productive

46. Growing up in India p.571
These young women from the state of Rajasthan dress in traditional clothing to attend a fair. Festivals of all kinds are part of life for people of all ages in India. The traditional clothing worn by females in India includes embroidered skirts, head shawls, and lots of jewelry. In many places, however, Western-style clothing has replaced the traditional, especially for young people. Even though changes are taking place, females in India are treated differently from males both inside and outside the home. Females, for example, have more family responsibilities and less access to higher education and professional jobs.

47. If you lived in India, you would pass these milestones:
You would receive some schooling, as Indian law provides free education from age 6 – 14. In some areas, though, you could be working even before the age of 10.
In school, you would study history, geography, science, math, and moral education.
You might be married at age 16 if you were a female living in a rural area and at age 17 if you were a female in an urban area
You could enter the military at age 17 if you were a male
You could vote at age 18