1. Chapter 12: South Asia

2. Learning Objectives
Explain the linkages and tensions between ethnicity, religion and 20th century geopolitics.
Examine the impacts of sustained population growth on South Asia’s economic, social and natural environments.
Compare and contrast economic and social development across the region.
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

3. Key Concepts Subcontinent Cyclones Chipko Movement Monsoon
Orographic Rainfall
Green Revolution
Salinization
Bustees
Forward Capital
Hindu Nationalism
Sanskrit
Caste System
Mughal Empire
Dalits
Jainism
Dravidian
Hindi
Linguistic Nationalism
British East India Company
Indian Diaspora
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

4. Setting the Boundaries
2nd most populous region in the world
Distinct landmass separated from the rest of the Eurasian continent: Subcontinent
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives
Regional unity: Shared history
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

5. South Asia
Figure 12.1
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6. Environmental Issues - Overview
Diverse Environments, Diverse Problems
Figure 12.3
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

7. Environmental Issues (cont’d)
Figure 12.4
Cyclones
Deforestation and Forest Resources
Chipka Movement
Wildlife: Extinction and Protection
Interaction between humans and animals
Figure 12.5
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

8. Physical Setting Figure 12.2
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9. Physical Subregions Northern Mountains
Figure 12.6
Northern Mountains
Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Lowlands
Peninsular India
Southern Islands
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

10. Climate
What two processes account for high rainfall in the Western Ghats?
Monsoon and Orographic Rainfall
Figure 12.8
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

11. South Asian Monsoon Figure 12.7 -Dry and wet monsoons
Seasonal wind changes
Pressure differences
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

12. Population and Settlement
What serves as a “limiting factor” to population distribution in South Asia?
Figure 12.11
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

13. Demographic Indicators
Population
Momentum
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

14. Demographic Issues Rapid population growth Family planning
Figure
Rapid population growth
Family planning
Approaches to and acceptance of the process differs across the region
Figure 12.10
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

15. Migration and Settlement Landscapes
Figure 12.12
Rural-to-urban migration
Changes in agriculture
Predominantly rural
Zones of out-migration
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

16. Agricultural Regions Subsistence crops Other products Livestock
Figure –
Rice cultivation
Subsistence crops
Rice
Wheat
Millet
Other products
Oil seeds, coconut groves, spice gardens, tea plantations
Livestock
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

17. The Green Revolution 1960s: Agricultural research stations
Figure 12.14
1960s: Agricultural research stations
High yield crop varieties
Move toward food self-sufficiency
Environmental and social problems
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

18. Urban South Asia Figure 12.16- Figure 12.15- Dhaka Mumbai
Figure Karachi
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

19. Urban South Asia —Mumbai
Figure
Figure
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

20. Cultural Coherence and Diversity
Early unity: Hinduism
Islam
Added dimension to cultural landscape
British colonialism
Since 1980s
Growing Hindu nationalism
Reaction to secular Indian state
Figure 12.18
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

21. Early South Asian Civilizations
Coexistence of Hinduism and Islam
Figure 12.20
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

22. The Caste System Complex Hindu social order Hierarchically structured
“Social pollution”
State of flux
Figure – Hindu Temple
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

23. Contemporary Religious Diversity
Figure 12.21
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

24. Linguistic Diversity - Dravidian: unique to South Asia
- Linguistic nationalism
Figure 12.23
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

25. Geopolitical Framework
Figure 12.28
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

26. Geopolitical Change in South Asia
Figure 12.28
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

27. The British Partition (1947)
Figure 12.28
India and East and West Pakistan
Hindu and Muslim majorities, respectively
Millions displaced as a result of the Partition
East Pakistan (1971)
Bangladesh
Figure
12.29
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

28. Ethnic Conflict in Kashmir
Figure 12.33
Figure 12.30
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

29. Ethnic Conflict (cont’d)
Figure – Sri Lanka
Figure – Sikh Temple (Punjab)
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

30. Economic Development Region of striking contrasts Figure 12.35
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

31. Economic Differentiation
Figure 12.34
Figure 12.37
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

32. Global Linkages Figure 12.39
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

33. Social Development
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

34. Status of Women Figure 12.40 - Kerala Figure 12.36 – Grameen Bank
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff