Look out! It’s the present perfect!

Look out! It’s the present perfect!
Chapter 4 Chapter 4

Which is correct: a or b? It’s 10:00 a.m. Cainan has been at the bus stop since 9:50. Cainan is still at the bus stop. The bus picked him up.

Which is correct: a or b? Nadia has lived in the same apartment for 30 years. After 30 years, she moved somewhere else. She still lives in the same apartment.

Find a list of common irregular past participles on page 32
Study the examples: We’ve been in class since 11:30 We have known each other for almost two months. Find a list of common irregular past participles on page 32 How do you form the present perfect? have / has + past participle

Do you know the past and past participle for these irregular verbs?
begin sing ring drink swim began begun sang sung rang rung drank drunk swam swum

choose freeze speak steal wake break chose chosen froze frozen spoke spoken stole stolen woke woken broke broken

buy bring catch think fight teach bought bought brought brought caught caught thought thought fought fought taught taught

drive ride write drove driven rode ridden wrote written

know throw grow knew known threw thrown grew grown

hit quit let cut put hurt hit hit quit quit let let cut cut put put hurt hurt

Discuss with a partner When do we use the present perfect?

Present perfect – Use #1 We’ve been in class since 11:30
We have known each other for almost two months. Use with since or for Situations that began in the past and continue to the present.

Present perfect - Use #2 I’ve visited Europe. She’s seen that movie, but I haven’t seen it I’ve never been to Australia. Use present perfect actions which happened at an unspecified time in the past (part of a time period that we are still in) Incorrect: I’ve visited Europe in 2005.

Review – What are two uses of the present perfect?
Actions/situations that began in the past and are still true now Actions/ situations that occurred at an unspecified time in the past.

Which is correct? I am living here since 2006. I live here since 2006.
I lived here since 2006. I was here since 2006. I have lived here since 2006. Correct

+ a specific point in time.
since or for? + a specific point in time. Ex. I have lived in Houston ____ since

Talk to your partner. Make three true sentences for each prompt:
I have_________________ since August. Since the beginning of the semester, the teacher has_________________.

since or for? I have been here ____ many weeks. + a length of time.

Talk to your partner. Make three true sentences for each prompt:
I have _________________ for many years. I have_________________ for almost two months. My best friend has _________________ for a long time.

For or since? yesterday

For or since? the semester started

For or since? a couple of hours

For or since? fifteen minutes

For or since? two years

For or since? last May

For or since? five days

For or since? a long time

For or since? school began

For or since? about a year

Who is she? What is her occupation?

Ellen became a talk show host in 2003
Ellen became a talk show host in Since Ellen became a talk show host, … (interview) hundreds of guests (meet) many famous people (find) out about their lives (make) friends with celebrities (sign) lots of autographs (write) a book

You have three minutes:
Complete Exercises 5, 6, and 7 on pages 84 and 85 in your book

Close your books, please

Discuss with a partner: Can you make these sentences negative?
I have seen that movie. Angel has seen that movie.

I have not (haven’t) seen that movie.
4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS NEGATIVE: I have not (haven’t) seen that movie. Angel has not (hasn’t) seen that movie. have/has + not + past participle Negative Contractions: have + not = haven’t has + not = hasn’t

I have lived here since I was a child.

Main clause (present perfect) Since clause (simple past) I have lived here since I was a child.

Complete these sentences orally with your partner
I (know) ______________ Mark Miller ever since we (be)__________ in college. have known were

Pedro (change) ______________ his major three times since he (start) _____________ school. has changed started

Ever since I (be) _____________ a child, I (be) _____________ afraid of snakes. was have been

I can’t wait to get home to my own bed. I (sleep, not) _________________ since I (leave) ______________ my home three days ago. haven’t slept left

Ever since Pete (meet)___________ Nicole, he (think, not) ______________ about anything or anyone else. He’s in love. met hasn’t thought

Otto (have) _______________ a lot of problems with his car ever since he (buy) ______________ it. It’s a lemon. has had bought

A: What (you, eat) _____________ since you (get) ________________ up this morning? B: So far, I (eat) _______________ a banana and some yogurt. have you eaten got have eaten

Record your answers: Exercise 9, pages 86

Ask questions with “how long have you”
Partner A: Read the statement Partner B: Make a question with How long have you + present perfect Partner A: Answer using present perfect + since / for Example: A: I study English. B: How long have you studied English? A: I’ve studied English for seven years. Always use the affirmative. Lie if you need to! Be creative

You say.. Your partner says..
I play the piano. I have a sore throat. I wear glasses. I’m a teacher. I live in a cave. I have a moustache. I speak English. I know how to dance. I’m sad. I’m a vegetarian. I can swim. I can dance. How long have you played the piano? How long have you had a sore throat? How long have you worn glasses? How long have you been a teacher? How long have you lived in a cave? How long have you had a moustache? How long have you spoken English? How long have you known how to dance? How long have you been sad? How long have you been a vegetarian? How long have you been able to swim? How long have you been able to dance?

You say.. Your partner says..
I study English I’m a baker. I’m married. I have a pet ostrich. I’m engaged. I play guitar. I smoke cigarettes. I have a toothache. I live in this city. I speak German. I’m a doctor. I know Bill Gates. I can wrestle. How long have you studied English? How look have you been a baker? How long have you been married? How long have you had a pet ostrich? How long have you been engaged? How long have you played guitar? How long have you smoked cigarettes? How long have you had a toothache? How long have you lived in this city? How long have you spoken German? How long have you been a doctor? How long have you known Bill Gates? How long have you been able to wrestle?

(c) Have you read the report?
4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS (c) Have you read the report?

Have you read the report?
4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS QUESTION: Have you read the report? Has Norma gone home? How long have you worked there? have/has + subject + past participle

Have you ever been to Paris?
4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS EVER and NEVER: Have you ever been to Paris? No, I’ve never been to Paris. Ever = in your entire lifetime Never use for negative responses 53

No, I haven’t. I have only read a few pages.
4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS (g) No, I haven’t. I have only read a few pages. Have you read all of this article? SHORT ANSWER: have / haven’t

Has Kyung finished her homework?
4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS (h) Has Kyung finished her homework? Yes, she has. She did it after school. SHORT ANSWER: has / hasn’t

___________________ a snake? Have you ever touched
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT you touch ever ___________________ a snake? Have you ever touched

No, ________________ I’ve never touched a snake. PRESENT PERFECT touch
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT touch never No, ________________ I’ve never touched a snake.

_________________ a shark?
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT Justin see ever Has Justin ever seen _________________ a shark?

Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town, has South Africa.
4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town, has South Africa.

Read the questions with your partner
A: (eat)________you ever ____________ an insect? B: No, I _____________. I (eat, never) _______________ an insect. Have eaten haven’t have never eaten

A: (stay) _______ you ___________ in a room on the top floor of a hotel? B: Yes, I __________. I (stay) ________________ in a room on the top floor of a hotel a few times. Have stayed have have stayed

A: (meet) ____________you ever ____________ a movie star
A: (meet) ____________you ever ____________ a movie star? B: No, I ___________. I (meet, never) __________________ a movie star. Have met haven’t have never met

A: (travel) _____________Ted ever _________________ overseas
A: (travel) _____________Ted ever _________________ overseas? B: Yes, he ____________. He (travel) ______________ to several countries on business. Has traveled has has traveled

A: (be) ____________Lara ever ____________ to Mexico?
B: No, she ______________. She (be, never) __________________ to any Spanish-speaking countries. Has been hasn’t has never been

Relay race- Write the past form
forget sleep keep quit hold wake understand give eat come write drive ride find think leave freeze cut choose take throw swim grow hang lend blow have feel fall Fly Stand teach know spend

Exercise 12 (listen and write the past participle)
Check: seen flown ridden done torn had fallen felt spoken wanted

Exercise 14, p. 89 Ask and answer the questions with your partner 2

Tyler has rented a house _____.
last week already

I have seen it _____. recently two days ago

His parents haven’t seen it _____.
yesterday yet

I have been there _____. twice yesterday

Present perfect for unspecified events in the past
Did this action happen in the past? 4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME Do we know when this action happened? Mary has visited Lone Star College. Does the speaker say when Mary visited the college? now No before now Does the speaker say how many times Mary visited the college? X X X? X No

Make sentences about the pictures Use present perfect
Example: She has lost weight!

Example: This person has traveled to many places!
Use present perfect Example: This person has traveled to many places!

Example: He has climbed to the top of the mountain.
Use present perfect Example: He has climbed to the top of the mountain.

Example: They have crossed the finish line.
Use present perfect Example: They have crossed the finish line.

Example: He has won an Olympic medal.
Use present perfect Example: He has won an Olympic medal.

Example: He has been in a fight.
Use present perfect Example: He has been in a fight.

Example: They have just gotten married.
Use present perfect Example: They have just gotten married.

Use Just and Recently for the recent past
4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME Use Just and Recently for the recent past Tri has just gotten a new job. Vicky has recently visited Austin. Did these activities occur before now? Did these activities occur a long time ago?

Carlos has just gotten a new job. Phuong has recently visited Austin.
4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME Carlos has just gotten a new job. Phuong has recently visited Austin. now before now X X time?

(c) Mary has painted portraits many times.
4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME (c) Mary has painted portraits many times. (d) Her students have painted portraits twice. activity repeated before now, unspecified past times

Use already in affirmative statements
4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME Use already in affirmative statements Tyler has already taken his first steps. OR Tyler has taken his first steps already. Has Tyler taken his first steps? 83

Has Zoe walked? Use yet in negative statements
4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME Use yet in negative statements Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet. Has Zoe walked? 84

Has the teacher already started the class?
4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME ALREADY and YET: Has the teacher already started the class? Has she graded the tests already? Has she given the homework assignment yet? Both ok in questions. 85

He hasn’t finished his dessert__________
yet

They have _______ finished dinner.
already

Has he cleaned up his room ________?
already yet

Analyze the Grammar: Exercise 16, p. 91
Read the situations. Circle all of the possible answers. Check: a, b b, d a, b, c

Exercise 17, page 91 Richard and Lori are new parents. Their baby was born a week ago. Listen to each sentence and complete the question with the past participle of the verb you hear. held given changed taken woken done been

Review When do we use these words? yet already just for since ever

Exercise 18, page 92 It is 11:55 AM right now.
Remember: Use already for affirmative statements, and yet for negative statements. Exercise 18, page 92 It is 11:55 AM right now. Yes, he has had his dentist appointment already. No, he hasn’t picked up his kids at school yet. Yes, he has already taken his car for an oil change. No, he hasn’t finished his errands yet. Yes, he has shopped for groceries already. No, he hasn’t had lunch with Michael yet.

Analyze the Grammar: Exercise 16, p. 91
Read the situations. Circle all of the possible answers. Check: a, b b, d a, b, c

Exercise 17, page 91 Richard and Lori are new parents. Their baby was born a week ago. Listen to each sentence and complete the question with the past participle of the verb you hear. held given changed taken woken done been

Exercise 12 Page 88 seen flown ridden done torn had fallen felt spoken
wanted

Listening: is and has (p. 92)
Both is and has can be contracted to ‘s. Listen to the sentences. Decide if the contracted verb is is or has Check: is has

Exercise 20, p. 93 Check you’ve done I’ve worked I’ve done
have you changed have you applied I’ve been I’ve heard

I had an angel fish when I was a child. I have had many other
Which sentence is in the simple past? Which is in the present perfect? Is the speaker a child now? I had an angel fish when I was a child. I have had many other fish since then.

(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST (a) They completed the game at 4:00. specific time PRESENT PERFECT (b) They have already completed the game. unspecified time

(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST (c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old. specific time PRESENT PERFECT (d) I have been to Nigeria three times. unspecified time

(e) Jack lived in France for 2 years.
4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST (e) Jack lived in France for 2 years. activity began & ended in past PRESENT PERFECT (f) Eli has lived in France since 2013. (f) Eli has lived in France for 2 years. for / since activity began & continues

? We have been to Tokyo many times. SPECIFIED OR UNSPECIFIED TIME
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE ? SPECIFIED OR UNSPECIFIED TIME We have been to Tokyo many times. PRESENT PERFECT UNSPECIFIED

? Barry has never been to Tokyo. SPECIFIED OR UNSPECIFIED TIME PRESENT
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE ? SPECIFIED OR UNSPECIFIED TIME Barry has never been to Tokyo. PRESENT PERFECT UNSPECIFIED

? Gina went to Tokyo last month. SPECIFIED OR UNSPECIFIED TIME
4-5 LET’S PRACTICE ? SPECIFIED OR UNSPECIFIED TIME Gina went to Tokyo last month. SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

Discuss with your partner
When do we use simple past and when do we use present perfect?

Why is the sentence in green in present perfect
Why is the sentence in green in present perfect? Can we use simple past for the green sentence? time period (my lifetime) is still continuing I have had several bicycles in my lifetime. I had a red bicycle when I was in elementary school. I had a green bicycle when I was a teenager. I had a green bicycle when I lived and worked in Hong Kong. These time periods ended. Use simple past.

Why is one sentence in simple past and one in present perfect?
I had a wonderful bicycle last year. I’ve had many wonderful bicycles. Last year = time period that ended. Use simple past.

What is the difference in meaning?
Ann had a red bike for two years. Sue has had a red bike for two years. Sue has a bike. Ann does not have a bike. Simple past indicates the action ended.

Who is alive and who is dead?
Uncle Alex is dead! In his lifetime, Uncle Alex had several red bicycles. In his lifetime, Grandpa has had several red bicycles.

Read the dialogs with your partner
Read the dialogs with your partner. Use present perfect and simple past as appropriate A: Have you ever been to Singapore? B: Yes, I ________. I (be) ___________ to Singapore several times. In fact, I (be) _____________ there last year. have have been was

Read the dialogs with your partner
Read the dialogs with your partner. Use present perfect and simple past as appropriate A: Have you ever eaten at the Sunset Beach Café? B: Yes, I __________. I (eat) _____________ there many times. In fact, my wife and I (eat)___________ lunch there yesterday. have have eaten ate

A: Do you and Erica want to go to the movie at the Galaxy Theater with us tonight? B: No thanks. We (see, already) _________________ it. We (see) _________ it last week. have already seen saw

A: When are you going to write your report for Mr. Berg
A: When are you going to write your report for Mr. Berg? B: I (write, already) ________________ it. I (write) ______________ it two days ago and gave it to him. have already written wrote

A: (Antonio, have, ever) ________________________ a job
A: (Antonio, have, ever) ________________________ a job? B: Yes, he ____________. He (have) _____________ lots of part-time jobs. Last summer he (have) ______________ a job at his uncle’s auto shop. Has Antonio ever had has has had had

A: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’m finished
A: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’m finished? B: Thanks, but I (read, already) ________________ it. I (read) ___________ it a couple of months ago. have already read read

A: What African countries (you, visit) _________________
A: What African countries (you, visit) _________________? B: I (visit) _______________ Kenya and Ethiopia. I (visit) ___________ Kenya in I (be) ___________ in Ethiopia last year. have you visited have visited visited was

Record your answers on pages 95-96 (exercise 24)

Questions

Take out a piece of paper. Write the past participle of these verbs
Take out a piece of paper. Write the past participle of these verbs. You have 3 minutes. be was/were _________ become became _________ begin began _________ bite bit _________ choose chose _________ cut cut _________ do did _________ draw drew _________ drive drove _________ eat ate _________ Quiz! Part 1

Write the past participle of these verbs. You have 3 minutes.
11. fall fell _________ 12. feel felt _________ 13. fight fought _________ 14. find found _________ 15. fly flew _________ 16. forget forgot _________ 17. forgive forgave _________ 18. freeze froze _________ 19. grow grew _________ 20. have had _________ 21. hear heard _________ 22. hide hid _________ Quiz! Part 2

Present perfect progressive
how long an action has been in progress before now Is the man waiting now? When did he start waiting? have/ has + been + verb + ing

Present perfect progressive
Is the man holding a sign now? When did he start holding the sign? Use for an action that started in the past and is still in progress have/ has + been + verb + ing

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive
a finished activity I have visited Egypt. BOTH duration of present activities She has been sitting in that chair for 30 minutes. He has been talking on the phone for an hour. usual or habitual activities I have been working at Lone Star since 2009. I have worked at Lone Star since 2009. non- action verbs I have known the teacher since August. I have owned this house for three years. repeated activities I have taken the class three times.

Read the sentences with a partner. Complete the sentences orally

I (sit) ________in the cafeteria now
I (sit) ________in the cafeteria now. I (sit) _______ here since twelve o’clock. am sitting have been sitting

Kate is sitting on the bench. She (wait) __________ for the bus
Kate is sitting on the bench. She (wait) __________ for the bus. She (wait) _______________ for the bus for twenty minutes. is waiting has been waiting

Scott and Rebecca (talk) _______________ on the phone
Scott and Rebecca (talk) _______________ on the phone. They (talk) _____________ on the phone for over an hour. are talking have been talking

Right now we are in class. We (do) _____________ an exercise
Right now we are in class. We (do) _____________ an exercise. We (do) ____________ this exercise for a couple of minutes. are doing have been doing

A: You look busy right now. What (you, do) _________________
A: You look busy right now. What (you, do) _________________? B: I (work) _____________ on my physics experiment. It’s a difficult experiment. A: How long (you, work) _____________________ on it? B: I started planning it last January. I (work) ______________ on it since then. are you doing am working have you been working have been working

Present Perfect Progressive X Present Perfect

Who is taking classes now?
Both Rachel and Nadia Rachel is taking English classes. Nadia has been taking English classes for 2 months.

Who lives in Jerusalem now?
Ann Ann has been living in Jerusalem for two years. She likes it there. Sue has lived in Jerusalem. She’s also lived in Paris. She’s lived in New York and Tokyo.

Who is a guest of his aunt and uncle now?
Matt Jack has visited his aunt and uncle many times. Matt has been visiting his aunt and uncle for the last three days.

Who is on the phone now? Jack and Ricardo Jack is talking on the phone. Ben talks on the phone a lot. Ricardo has been talking on the phone for half an hour. Ivan has talked on the phone lots of times.

Who went to the park last week?
Who is in the park now? Mr. Anthony Mr. Woods and Mr. Aguilar Who went to the park last week? Mr. Woods walks his dog in the park every day. Mr. Smith has walked his dog in the park many times. Mr. Aguilar walked his dog in the park five times last week. Mr. Anthony has been walking his dog in the park since two o’clock.

Discuss with a partner: are honeybees important? Why or why not?
hive beekeeper

Check F T

Exercise 40, page 107 Homework

Quick write – 10 minutes Write three short paragraphs about yourself. Use the passage on page 107 as a model. Paragraph 1 What is your name? Where are you from? How long have you been here? Paragraph 2 What have you done since you came here? What have you learned since you began studying English? Paragraph 3 Who have you met in this class? Who have you met recently? Give a little information about these people

Listen page 97, exercise 26 Check: spent made sent left slept driven
sung

Exercise 33, Page 102 Check: have been hiking have hiked
have been living / have lived have been reading have read have stayed has been crying has been teaching / has taught A: has been playing / has played; B: have been playing / has played B: has been working / has worked; B: has worked

Exercise 34, Page 103 Check: has been changing We’ve had have seen
have been building We’ve been saving

Exercise 35, Page 103 Check: a, b a b a, c d, e

Exercise 38, Page 105 Check: b c b, c

Take out a piece of paper. Write the past participle
Take out a piece of paper. Write the past participle. You have three minutes lose lost __________ make made __________ meet met __________ pay paid __________ put put __________ quit quit __________ read read __________ ride rode __________ ring rang __________ rise rose __________ Quiz! Part 1

Take out a piece of paper. Write the past participle
Take out a piece of paper. Write the past participle. You have three minutes 11. see saw __________ 12. set set __________ 13. shake shook __________ 14. shoot shot __________ 15. shut shut __________ 16. sit sat __________ 17. speak spoke __________ 18. stand stood __________ 19. steal stole __________ 20. take took __________ 21. tear tore __________ 22. wear wore __________ Quiz! Part 2

Read Vicky’s statement.
Vicky: Tam met me for lunch. He was so happy. He had passed his driver’s test. Tam talked to Vicky. Then he passed his test. Tam passed his test. Then he talked to Vicky. Which statement of events (a or b) is correct? Answer “b” is correct. The sentence: He had passed his driver’s test is in the past perfect. How is this tense formed? When do we use it?

Past perfect When Sue arrived, Jack wasn’t there. He had left.
The past perfect is more common in formal writing and less common in speaking The past perfect is used to talk about two different events at two times in the past; one event ends before the second event happens. Jack left his apartment at 2:00. Sue arrived at his apartment at 2:15 and knocked on the door. When Sue arrived, Jack wasn’t there. He had left. The action described with past perfect happened first

*use HAD for all subjects example: He had left = He’d left
Form: This grammar has 2 parts: Had past participle + *use HAD for all subjects contraction of had = ‘d example: He had left = He’d left

Negative Form: had not + past participle OR hadn’t + verb past participle Example: The teacher hadn’t finished correcting papers when the students started to arrive.

had finished had closed
Karen ____________ (finish) making dinner by the time her husband came home. When I arrived at the store, it ___________ (close) already. had finished had closed

Exercise 42, page 109 Check answers:
The action described with past perfect happened first Check answers: 3. I looked for Diego, but he had left the building. 1st Diego left the building. 2nd I looked for Diego. 4. I laughed when I saw my son. He had poured a bowl of noodles on his head. 2nd I laughed. 1st My son poured a bowl of noodles on his head.

The action described with past perfect happened first Check answers: 5. Oliver arrived at the theater on time, but he couldn’t get in. He had left his ticket a home. 1st Oliver left his ticket at home 2nd Oliver arrived at the theater. 6. I handed Betsy the newspaper, but she didn’t want it. She had read it during lunch. 2nd I handed Betsy the newspaper. 1st Betsy read the newspaper.

7. After Carl arrived in New York, he called his mother. He had promised to call her as soon as he got in. 1st Carl made a promise to his mother. 2nd Carl called his mother.

Listening – exercise 43, page 110
Listen to the conversations. Circle the verbs you hear. Check: has had have

Write the past participle
blow blew _____________ choose chose _____________ drive drove _____________ fall fell _____________ forget forgot _____________ fly flew _____________ forgive forgave _____________ get got _____________ grow grew _____________ hide hid _____________ Quiz! Part 1

Write the past participle
11. know knew _____________ 12. ride rode _____________ 13. rise rose _____________ 14. see saw _____________ 15. shake shook _____________ 16. sit sat _____________ 17. speak spoke _____________ 18. stand stood _____________ 19. tear tore _____________ 20. wear wore _____________ Quiz! Part 2

Complete the sentence orally with a partner
I have never ____________

Complete the question orally with a partner
Have you ever __________?

I’ve been in this classroom since________

I’ve lived in Texas for __________

I’ve been wearing this shirt _________

How long have you _______?

I’ve already ________

I haven’t _______ yet

When I arrived at school today, I had already ________

Next weekend, I _________

I’m going to be happy if _______

Please call me as soon as __________

I’ll be happy when ________

What are you going to do when _______

What are you going to do before_______

I probably __________

It may__________ tomorrow

Look out! It’s the present perfect!

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