1. Chapter 6 Boating Emergencies...What To Do
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2. Most Accidents Are Preventable!
63% human error
33% environment
4% equipment
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Chapter Overview
We will discuss:
Risk management
Boating accidents
Personal injuries
Weather emergencies
Getting help
Helping others 1
Instructor Notes:
Mention these items as an overview of this chapter. More detail will be covered on each topic.
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4. Boating Stressors Increase Risk
Glare and heat of the sun
Motion
Noise
Vibration
Many boaters underestimate effects 1 2 3 4 5
Instructor Notes:
Ask: What are three of the natural stressors that can effect boaters?
Motion
Noise
Vibration
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Avoid Dehydration
Has anyone ever experienced dehydration?
How can dehydration be avoided? 1 2
Instructor Notes:
If a class member has experienced dehydration, ask them to explain what it was like.
If no one responds, ask students what causes are.
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6. Alcohol And Boating Don’t Mix
What happens if a person uses alcohol while operating a boat?
Why is alcohol intensified in the water? 1 2
Instructor Notes:
Discuss the legal limits of alcohol consumption for the state in which you are teaching.
Remind the participants that using drugs and/or alcohol while boating is a leading cause of boating accidents.
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7. Personal Flotation Devices
90% boating fatalities are drownings
No PFD, or inadequate
Ensure that PFDs are:
Readily accessible
Proper size
Good condition 1 2
Instructor Notes:
Discuss what is “readily accessible”.
Classroom aid: Demonstrate the test for proper fit. Using a student, place a PFD that is too large on the student and show how the PFD will come off when the person falls into the water.
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Falling Overboard
What are some ways to prevent persons from falling overboard?
What should you do if someone does fall overboard? 1 2
Instructor Notes:
Ask: What are ways to prevent falling overboard?
Classroom aid: Write answers on whiteboard. Ask students to prioritize the list generated by the class.
Ask: The class to generate a list of things to do if a person falls overboard. Have the class place the list generated in order of which step is first through last. Discuss why they have chosen the response to be in that position of order.
Be sure that the participants know that the first thing to do is shout “Man Overboard!” so that the helmsman hears it
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Overboard
Reduce speed
Throw PFD
Point
Turn around
Approach from downwind
Stop engine
Pull aboard 1 2 3 4 5
Instructor Notes:
Discuss why each item is important. Remind the participants that the first person to see someone go overboard should shout so loudly, ensuring the helmsman hears 4 5
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Rescue Technique
Reach
Throw
Instructor Notes:
Ask: Why is this technique important?
Stress the GO for help and not become a part of the problem!
Row Go
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Capsizing & Swamping
Don’t overload the boat
Controlled turns
Anchor from bow only
Stay with boat
Try to re-board 1 2 3 4 5
Instructor Notes:
Discuss why each point is important.
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Prevent Collisions
Follow rules of navigation (ch.3)
Who remembers what we said about following the rules of navigation in chapter 3? 1 2
Instructor Notes:
Ask: Read the question and respond with your answers.
Responses should be:
Pay attention
Keep a sharp lookout
Maintain a safe speed
Look before turning
Never operate the boat when you are fatigued.
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Collision
What should you do? 1
Instructor Notes:
Use brain-storming techniques to solicit responses.
Classroom Aid: Use the whiteboard to write down the responses.
Responses to look for:
Check condition of crew & passengers
Administer first aid
Call for help
Put on PFDs
Check for damage
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Don’t Run Aground
Know water depth
Location of submerged objects 1 2
Instructor Notes:
Ask: How can you tell the depth of water? Responses could include:
Depth finder
Chart
Lead line
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If You Go Aground
What should you do? 1
Instructor Notes:
Ask students the question.
The instructor should emphasize:
Check hull for damage
Check tide
Shift weight to reduce draft
PFDs and safety lines
If stuck, use visual distress signals
Ask the students if they have ever run aground? What happened and how did they solve the problem?
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Fire Emergencies
Don’t mix the three ingredients required for combustion 1
Instructor Notes:
Review the chart.
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In Case Of Fire
What should you do? 1
Instructor Notes:
Ask: Ask the question and look for the following answers:
Alert crew
Put on PFDs
Turn off fuel
Disconnect electricity
Identify source of fire
Can you fight fire
If not get off boat
Call for help
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PWC On Fire
How are a fire and the courses of action on a PWC different than on a boat? 1
Instructor Notes:
Emphasize swimming away from the PWC until help arrives. Look for the following answers from the students:
Stop the engine
Take distress signals, swim away
Keep riders together until help arrives
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19. Using The Fire Extinguisher
P A S S
Pull pin
Aim at base of fire
Squeeze handle
Instructor Notes:
Ask for a volunteer to demonstrate how to use the fire extinguisher.
Sweep side to side
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20. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Instructor Notes:
Distribute the following handouts available on available on our PE library:
Speedgram Hypothermia – Are we focused on the wrong thing?
Speedgram CO – A bigger problem than first imagined.
Ask questions and stress installation and maintenance of CO detectors.

21. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
What are some of the symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?
How can you protect yourself and your passengers?
How can you try to prevent this from happening? 1 2 3
Instructor Notes:
Distribute the following handouts available on available on our PE library:
Speedgram Hypothermia – Are we focused on the wrong thing?
Speedgram CO – A bigger problem than first imagined.
Ask questions and stress installation and maintenance of CO detectors.
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Station Wagon Effect
Instructor Notes:
Show the CO video.
Air flow can suck fumes into boat
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Serious Injuries
If a person is injured on the boat what should you do for the following:
Bleeding
Burns
Broken bones
Head and neck injuries 1
Instructor Notes:
Have the students discuss what actions they would take.
Stress taking a first aid or CPR course.
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24. Know How To Handle Injuries
Maintain First Aid Kit
Instructor Notes:
Classroom aid: Bring a well-stocked first aid kit to demonstrate the materials that are basic to first aid.
Stress that the first aid kit needs to be checked monthly to assure that mold and mildew are not affecting the contents.
Stress replacing supplies if used.
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25. If You Have To Go In The Water
Who remembers the four stages of cold water immersion?
Cold water can kill- WEAR your PFD 1
Instructor Notes:
Discuss how cold water immersion kills.
Stress:
Stage 1: Initial cold shock- the immediate reaction to gasp in a breath
Stage 2: Short term “swim failure”
Stage 3: Long term immersion hypothermia
Stage 4: Post-immersion collapse
Discuss what happens in each stage.
WEARING A PFD can mean surviving cold water immersion and the initial cold shock. Even excellent swimmers are affected by cold water immersion.
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26. Hypothermia Can Cause Death
What are some of the symptoms? 1
Instructor Notes:
Ask the question. Look for these answers:
Shivering
Bluish lips and fingers
Loss of feeling in hands and feet
Cold bluish skin
Decreased mental skills
Slurred speech and blurred vision
Rigidity in hands and feet
Unconsciousness
Coma
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27. Heat Escape Lessening Position
Instructor Notes:
Discuss the definition of hypothermia and why this slide will help
Reduces exposure of high heat loss areas of body
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Huddle
What are the advantages of the “huddle” position? 1
Instructor Notes:
Ask the question and stress:
Reduces Body Heat Loss
Provides Moral Support
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Weather
Check weather on VHF-FM radio
Wx-1 Wx-2 Wx-3
What are some signs that the weather is deteriorating? 1 2
Instructor Notes:
Stress:
Be alert to weather changes
Watch for wind shift
Watch for rough water
Observe weather from all directions.
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30. Weather Warning Display
small craft
gale 1 2
Instructor Notes:
hurricane
storm 4 3
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31. When Caught In Bad Weather
What can you do if you are caught in bad weather? 1
Instructor Notes:
Stress:
Put on PFD- if not already on
Reduce speed
Consider seeking shelter
Close hatches and portholes
Keep weight low
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When Caught In Fog
What should you do? 1
Instructor Notes:
Stress:
Know your position
Turn on navigation lights
Reduce speed
Use sound signals
Post lookouts
Put on PFD
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To Get Help
Instructor Notes:
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To Get Help
VHF-FM Marine Radio Channel 16 1
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35. Distress, Urgency, & Safety Messages
What radio call would you use for the following situations?
Distress
Urgency
Safety 1 2 3
Instructor Notes:
Distress:
MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY
Urgency:
PANPAN, PANPAN, PANPAN
Safety:
SECURITE, SECURITE, SECURITE 4
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Important Channels
VHF channel 16
International distress, safety and calling
Widely monitored by USCG, Coast Guard stations, and vessels 1
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Important Channels
VHF channel 13
Intership navigation safety (bridge to bridge)
Ship 20 meters maintain listening watch in US waters 2
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Important Channels
VHF channel 22
Coast Guard liaison and maritime safety
First make contact on 16
Information broadcasts first announced on channel 16 3
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Important Channels
68 Non-Commercial
69 Non-Commercial
71 Non-Commercial
72 Non-Commercial
(intership only)
78A Non-Commercial 1 2 3 4 5
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Important Channels
WX-1, WX-2, WX-3
NOAA Weather Channels 1
Instructor Notes:
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Important Channels
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88
Public Correspondence
(Marine Operator) 1 2
Instructor Notes:
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To Get Help
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the cell phone? 1
Instructor Notes:
Stress:
Advantages:
Can call 911
Can call Coast Guard Aux. or local law enforcement.
Disadvantages:
Does not produce general broadcast
May not receive signal in certain areas
Reduced distance that can be heard
Cannot be tracked with a directional finder
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To Get Help
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) 1
Instructor Notes:
Photo taken from
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Helping Others
What are some of the things you must remember when towing another boat? 1
Instructor Notes:
Make a list on the white board to include the following:
Put on PFDs
Use strong nylon line
Check cleats
Secure lines
Stay away from tow line
ASK: if we are obligated to help another vessel.
Legally, YES, if we van do so without endangering our own boat and crew
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Helping Others
Adjust line length so towed boat rides at least 3 wave lengths behind 1
Instructor Notes:
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Chapter 6 Review
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Review Exercises
When towing, never tie to an improperly mounted cleat. Cleats used for towing should always be:
screwed to the boat with long, heavy screws.
both cemented and screwed to the boat.
attached to the deck with strong water-proof glue.
through-bolted with a backing block. 1 a b c d
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Review Exercises
Carbon monoxide poisoning can result from exposure to:
fumes from an overloaded holding tank.
oil vapors emitted from a crankcase ventilation valve.
exhaust from engines and generators.
fumes from stale bait deteriorating in the bait well. 2 a b c d
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Review Exercises
If involved in a collision your first action is to:
get the name, address, and insurance company of the operator of the other boat.
check your vhf radio to see if it is damaged.
place fenders between the two boats to eliminate further damage.
account for and check the condition of your crew and the occupants of the other boat. 3 a b c d
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Review Exercises
If your boat swamps or capsizes, the primary rule to remember is:
immediately send someone over the side to swim for help.
always stay with the boat.
swim some distance from the boat to avoid oil slicks.
fasten a line to the boat and ask all to help pull it to shore. 4 a b c d
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Review Exercises
When encountering restricted visibility of any kind, your first reaction should be to:
determine your position as accurately as possible while there is visibility to do so.
put on foul weather gear to keep from getting cold and wet.
ring your ship’s bell one short ring every second to advise other vessels of your presence.
use your hailer every three minutes to announce that you are underway and ask all other vessels to keep clear. 5 a b c d
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Review Exercises
If you are caught on the water in bad weather, your first step should be to:
listen for a weather forecast.
pour water into the bilge to increase stability.
turn and head for shore at full speed.
see that all on board are wearing properly secured life preservers. 6 a b c d
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Review Exercises
The use of a marine radiotelephone on a recreational boat is restricted to:
distress, safety, operational, and public correspondence communications.
trivial chatter on channels 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 78.
calling the coast guard on channel 68 for a radio check.
obtaining weather broadcasts on channels 24 – 28 and 84 – 88. 7 a b c d
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Review Exercises
Calling channels for recreational vessels to contact other vessels or shore stations are:
8 and 7.
11 and 9.
16 and 9.
17 and 14. 8 a b c d
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Review Exercises
The skipper of a boat is obligated by law to provide assistance to any individual in danger at sea providing that the:
recipient is adequately insured.
assistance can be provided safely without endangering the life of the rescuer.
person in need agrees to financial remuneration.
assistance cannot be provided by someone else. 9 a b c d
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End Chapter 6
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