1. Washington as President 10
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Political Parties Develop
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Washington’s Influence
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Alexander Hamilton helped develop the nation’s economy.
Washington also warned of the dangers of political parties.
Washington warned the Nation about getting involved in Foreign Affairs
Washington was Inaugurated as the first President
The development of a National Bank helped to divide the parties of Hamilton and Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson served as the 1st Secretary of State
Violent protest to the terms of Jay’s Treaty with Britain
Washington with the members of the 1st Cabinet

2. Political Parties Develop
Election of 1796 11
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Political Parties Develop
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XYZ Affair and Political Parties
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James Madison and Jefferson introduce the idea of nullification over the Alien and Sedition Acts
John Adams was elected 2nd President in 1796
Hamilton’s Party becomes known as the Federalists
Jefferson’s followers become the Democratic-Republicans
Federalist and Anti-Federalists come to blows over debate in Congress
The Election of 1796 saw the nation being divided between Federalists in the North and Democrats in the South

3. Louisiana Purchase 12 Lewis and Clark Marbury v. Madison
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Lewis and Clark
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Marbury v. Madison
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Meriwether Lewis (above) and William Clark explored the West
Thomas Jefferson was elected our 3rd President in 1800
John Marshall helped to increase the power of the Supreme Court
William Henry Harrison wins a major battle with Indians at Tippecanoe
War Hawks such as Henry Clay want war with Britain over American rights.
Jefferson organized the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France
Indian interpreter Sacajawea helped Lewis and Clark through the West
Jefferson had a belief in a laissez-faire gov’t with limited powers

4. War of 1812 13 Compromise of 1820 Monroe Doctrine
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Compromise of 1820
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Monroe Doctrine
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War erupted with Britain in 1812
Andrew Jackson wins a major battle in 1814 at New Orleans
James Madison-4th President – leader during War of 1812
James Monroe-5th President – Issued Monroe Doctrine
Missouri Compromise-1820 divides the nation into free and slave areas
Court Case of McCulloch v. Maryland establishes implied powers of gov’t
Impressment of American sailors raises tensions with Britain
Chief Justice John Marshall further increases Federal powers

5. Cotton is King 14 American System Factories Emerge
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American System
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Factories Emerge
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Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney increases importance of cotton production
Cotton becomes the “King” of the southern economy.
The Erie Canal helped increase trade and travel to the interior
Factories begin to develop in the North
John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (Kent.) promoted the American System to improve the Nation’s infrastructure.
Conestoga Wagons traveled the Nation’s few roads
Opinions over Slavery begin to sectionalize the nation.

6. Common Man’s President 15
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Bank and Tariff Controversy
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Trail of Tears
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Jackson disliked the idea of a National Bank system and killed the Bank’s charter
Jackson threatened military force to uphold federal laws in 1828 crisis
John C. Calhoun led S.C. in the nullification crisis of 1828 over the tariff
“Common Man” President Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams was chosen by the House over Jackson in the election of 1824
Jackson’s Indian Policy led to the eviction of Native Americans along the Trail of Tears
Jackson’s Inaugural Party where everyone was invited
The Tariff Crisis with S.C. raised the idea of Nullification again.

7. Slave Revolts and Abolitionists
Educational Reform 16
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Slave Revolts and Abolitionists
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Institutional Reform
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Transcendentalist author Henry David Thoreau’s book Civil Disobedience says not to obey corrupt laws by passive means.
Conditions in Mental Hospitals and Prisons were studied by Dorothea Dix
Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison publishes the “Liberator” newspaper
Frederick Douglas becomes famous abolitionist speaker
Artists of the Hudson River School depicted the glorious landscapes of the United States in their works.
Nat Turner’s Rebellion in 1831 Virginia brings wave of fear to slave states.
Horace Mann advocates for a free public education system
Whipping Scars

8. Agriculture and Transportation
Reform Movements 17
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Agriculture and Transportation
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Changing Workplace
Women such as Sarah Grimke, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton advocated for issues like abolition and women’s suffrage.
Temperance and the abuse of alcohol became a major reform issue. This picture shows the progress of an alcoholic from casual drinker to suicide.
The Seneca Falls Convention was one example of the growing movement for women’s rights.
Catherine Beecher wanted to see women get a quality education too.