1. Television
Media 531

2. The Canadian Television Market
Television and radio reaches 99% of Canadian households.
90% of households have satellite or cable TV.
On an average day, 82% of Canadians view television at least once.
Television reaches 99% of Canadian households. 90% of households have satellite or cable television. On the average day, 82% of Canadians view television at least once. There are four national networks: CBC, CTV, Radio-Canada and TVA. Networks can also be classified geographically as follows:
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3. Television Market National Networks Regional Networks
The television market is divided between:
National Networks
e.g. , CTV – 18 stations
Regional Networks
CTV operates regional networks in Ontario, Atlantic Canada, and Saskatchewan
Specialty cable channels
TSN, MuchMusic, History Channel
Pay TV
Digital Networks
National - CBC (16 owned and 25 affiliate stations), CTV (18 stations), and Radio-Canada (13 stations).
Regional - there are eleven regional networks operating in Canada (e.g., CBC Regional, Global, and TVA).
Specialty - offered through cable television, these networks include MuchMusic, TSN (The Sports Network), YTV (Youth Channel), Outdoor Life and Prime TV to mention a few. Recently added to the mix are some digital stations such as EXPN Classic Canada, Leafs TV and the NHL Network.
PayTV – television programs that you pay ahead for before viewing.
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4. Trends Affecting Television and Television Advertising
The landscape of the Canadian Television industry is changing.
Audience Fragmentation
47 specialty channels and 51 digital channels. Broadcasters provide so much choice for viewers that audiences have become fragmented.
Alternative Viewing: Video-on-Demand
Television is the biggest victim of internet usage. 27% of people say they watch television less because of being online.
Mobile Media
Commercial Avoidance and Personal Video Recorders
allows viewers to erase or skip through commercials while a show is being recorded
Convergence of media ownership
if the advertiser doesn’t generate sufficient reach in one medium, additional reach is possible by advertising on other media outlets controlled by the media company. Packaged deals embracing a number of different media outlets produce economies of scale when buying the media time and space.
Several factors are influencing the present state of television viewing and television advertising:
Audience Fragmentation: 47 specialty channels and 51 digital channels. Broadcasters provide so much choice for viewers that audiences have become fragmented.
Alterative Viewing: Video-on-Demand – Internet access has seen steady growth with 78% of all Canadians now online. The year-old age group is by far the most highly connected segment, using multiple connection devices to hook up to the internet ( computers, cell phones, PDAs) A recent study reveals that TV is the biggest casualty of internet usage, with 27% of respondents saying their TV watching has fallen as a consequence for being online. Popular online activities are video games, downloading music and instant messaging. In the US, networks are experimenting with a fee-paying model for on-line shows. For $1.99 per episode, you can have no advertising. The good news for advertisers is that most people will not pay the $1.99 and will watch the commercials.
Mobile Media – the emergence of mobile devices such as cell phones, portable music/video players, and PDAs present another challenge for TV networks.
Commercial Avoidance and Personal Video Recorders – The advent of these electronic viewers allows viewers to erase or skip through commercials while a show is being recorded. Viewers never see the commercials. (e.g., TiVo)
Media Convergence – if the advertiser doesn’t generate sufficient reach in one medium, additional reach is possible by advertising on other media outlets controlled by the media company. Packaged deals embracing a number of different media outlets produce economies of scale when buying the media time and space.
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5. Television Viewing Highlights
Media-viewing data is collected by two organizations in Canada: BBM Bureau of Measurement and Nielsen Media Research
A valuable resource for advertisers to assess advertising costs and for identifying what programs are popular.
Ratings are audience estimates expressed as a percent of the population in a defined geographic area.
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6. Time Spent with Television and Other Media
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7. Questions How many Canadians view television every day?
What impact does multiple television providers have on the market?
What impact have personal video recorders (PVRs) had on television?
What company records television viewing data?

8. Television Comes to Canada

9. TV in the Beginning
Most families in Canada owned a television during the 1950s and 60s
Signals from the American networks were received by the majority of the population in Southern Ontario
The American culture was flooding Canada and they were in fear of losing their new found identity

10. Hit American TV Shows of the 1950s and 1960s
I Love Lucy
Howdy Doody
Roy Rogers
The Ed Sullivan Show
The Wonderful World of Disney
Families would gather around their televisions on Saturday nights and watch their favorite performers on The Ed Sullivan Show

11. American TV

12. Canadain Broadcasting Corporation
In 1948 CBC received funding and permission from the Canadian government to create a television station for Canada
1952- CBC stations were set up in Montreal and Toronto
1953- Stations added in Ottawa and Vancouver
1954 – Winnipeg and Halifax were added to the CBC network

13. Television in Canada timeline 1950s
This was the decade of television. In 1952, the first CBC and Radio-Canada television stations, CBLT-Toronto and CBFT-Montréal, began broadcasting. By 1955, CBC/Radio- Canada's television services were available to 66 per cent of the Canadian population.
Special coverage of the four-week visit of Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh. (1951)
First telecast of opening of Parliament. (1955)
Special coverage of the Hungarian uprising, the Suez crisis and the Springhill Mine disaster. (1956)
Major political coverage included a five-hour federal election telecast and, the first opening of Parliament by a reigning monarch. (1957)

14. Hockey Night in Canda
Hockey Night was one of Canada’s number one radio shows
In 1952, people could watch Hockey Night in Canda on their televisions, instead of just listening to it on the radio

15. First hockey game on television, October 11, 1952

16. The Friendly Giant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDigdsYNA1E

17. Don Messer’s Jubilee https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2JeUuGZz-Q

18. Front Page Challenge

19. Television in Canada timeline 1960s
The 1960s included several important technological advances such as the opening of shortwave service to the High Arctic (1960), the presentation of proposals, by the national public broadcaster, for satellite use in Canada (1961) and the introduction of colour television in 1966!
In this decade, the regulatory framework was refined and the Canadian Radio-television Commission (CRTC) established as the regulatory and licensing authority. In the new Broadcasting Act also confirmed CBC/Radio-Canada's role of providing the national service.

20. Television in Canada timeline 1960s
1960 The Board of Broadcast Governors (BBG) recommended licensing second TV stations in major cities and invited applications for Canada's first private network.
1965 The federal Government announced its policy on colour television.
1967 CBC/Radio-Canada acted as host broadcaster for Expo 67 in Montréal and the Pan Am Games in Winnipeg.
1968 The first televised national debate among Canadian political party leaders: co-produced with CTV.
1969 Tobacco advertising was discontinued on CBC/Radio-Canada airwaves.

21. Hockey Night In Canada

22. The Tommy Hunter Show

23. Land and Sea

24. The Beachcombers

25. Mr. Dress-up https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnraFszMxSA

26. Television in Canada timeline 1970s
Canada made history in this decade by launching the world's first national domestic satellite. Put into orbit in 1972, the Anik A1 satellite gave CBC/Radio-Canada the ability to beam television signals to the Canadian North for the first time in history.
Canadian content rules for television and radio were also introduced in the early 70s. In 1970, the CRTC established a "minimum 60 per cent" Canadian content rule for public and private television broadcasters in Canada.
In 1976, the world's athletes came to Montréal and CBC/Radio-Canada was host broadcaster for the summer Olympic Games.

27. SCTV ( )

28. Television in Canada timeline 1980s
The 1980s saw tremendous growth in the number of private and specialty channels. In 1983, the first "general interest" pay TV channels began operation in Canada, among them the movie network, First Choice and SuperChannel.
Later came the "specialty" pay channels. CBC Newsworld was officially launched on July 31, 1989 providing Canadians with their own dedicated 24-hour news channel. It was designed for on-the-go viewers, offering frequent news updates and magazine style programming.

29. Television in Canada timeline 1980s
1981 CBC/Radio-Canada introduced closed captioning on Canadian television.
1987 The CRTC authorized the distribution of The Sports Network and MuchMusic on basic cable.
1988 Cabinet approved CBC's licence to operate an all- news channel, paving the way for the launch of CBC Newsworld in 1989.

30. Bizarre https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXL16tdr36k

31. You Can’t Do That on Television

32. Kids in the Hall

33. Kids in the Hall

34. Degrassi Junior High

35. King of Kensington

36. Just Like Mom

37. The Littlest Hobo

38. Television in Canada timeline 1990s
From the last episode of the series Street Legal - Eric Peterson as Leon Robinovitch, Cynthia Dale as Olivia Novak, C. David Johnson as Charles "Chuck" Tchobanian. November 1994
CBC/Radio-Canada also goes on to become known as "Canada's Olympic network", winning the broadcast rights for seven Olympic Games.

39. Television in Canada timeline 1990s
1991 CBC Toronto consolidated its operations into one downtown location, the new state-of-the-art Canadian Broadcasting Centre.
1995 The Corporation established its Web presence through CBC.ca and at Radio-Canada.ca.
1996 CBC Television boasted an all-Canadian prime-time schedule.

40. Television Regulations

41. Regulator
The Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) is an independent agency responsible for regulating Canada's broadcasting and telecommunications systems
The CRTC reports to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage
Canadian broadcasters are required by the CRTC to produce and air Canadian content
The intent is to develop popular programming relevant to Canadians as well as to support the production and talent communities

42. Broadcasting
The preeminent cultural industry as measured by leisure time ( 21 hours a week– most after work)
Now about 2 billion annually in revenues
TV has become the most trusted news source surpassing the newspaper
By age of 12, children have spent more time with TV than with school

43. The Broadcasting Act (1991)
The Canadian Broadcasting System will serve to safeguard, enrich and strengthen the cultural, political social and economic fabric of Canada
Each element will contribute to the creation and presentation of Canadian programs

44. Canadian Content Quota
Requires 60% overall and 50% CANCON in prime time
Quota is a Make Jobs program:
Its definitions revolved around citizenship of the writer, producer, technical crews etc. shooting the series
The Quota is not a qualitative one: requiring distinctively creative stories
That is why you get clones ( Peter Benchley’s Amazon) qualifying for CanCon

45. Development of the System
20 years ago, no viable private network
Now 2 which have bought out newspapers
Now viable TV production industry
Now top 10 companies: Alliance Atlantis is in top 20 worldwide
Canada 2nd largest TV exporter after US

46. Track Record of TV in CANCON
Internationally recognized news, sports
Animation/sci fi and special effects
Kids
Documentaries and Docudrama
Popular MOWs ( Anne of Avonlea, Sheldon Kennedy Story)

47. Track Record Cont’d Still no Home Run series internationally ( CSI)
Still no star system
Domestically: DaVinci’s, Bob and Margaret among the best
But less than 12% of drama we watch is Canadian ( versus 66% in most other countries)

48. Only counterweight to media oligopolies (monopoly)
Why Keep the CBC?
Only counterweight to media oligopolies (monopoly)
An important democratic tool: an independent news agency in competition with CanWest and Vancouver Sun
Just as important as education/other areas of social policy
An educational tool

49. The People and the CBC Share is now around 6%: half that of CTV
But reach is 80%
Widespread reach across age,gender,class and racial lines– but latter not as good as could be
Usage or time spent with CBC: 53% spend an hour a week; 63% a half an hour

50. Questions
What body was created to regulate Canadian television and what is this organization’s intent?
What is the Canadian content quota? Has it been effective? How?
Is the CBC necessary? Why?

51. Major Broadcasters

52. Major Broadcasters in Canada
English
French

53. Major Television Networks
Canadian
American
CTV
CBC
Global
NBC
ABC
FOX

54. English Broadcasters
Canadian program production: All private broadcasters provide some original Canadian content
However, developing original programming is costly relative to size of the Canadian market
As a result, Canadian broadcasters purchase U.S. programming and maximize simulcast for largest viewing audience potential
Where relevant, broadcasters will produce a Canadian version of a U.S. hit - e.g. American Idol
Major broadcaster groups own both conventional and specialty/cable stations

55. English Broadcasters CBC is the national public broadcaster in Canada
CBC’s mandate is to develop and deliver programs that reflect the Canadian experience
CBC provides extensive national coverage in all major & minor markets
CBC receives funding from the federal government as well as revenue from commercial sales

56. Public Broadcasters
CBC/SRC - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/ Société Radio- Canada (national)
Télé-Québec - Quebec (regional)
Saskatchewan Communications (regional)
TVO - Ontario’s public broadcaster (regional)
Knowledge Network - British Columbia (regional)

57. Multicultural Broadcasters
Broadcasters are expanding their multilingual programming services
Rogers:
Ontario – OMNI.1 and OMNI.2
Calgary – OMNI
Edmonton – OMNI
Vancouver – OMNI Vancouver
Vision:
Canada's multi-faith and multicultural broadcaster is available as a basic service on cable and satellite
Fairchild TV
A popular Asian channel that is carried by the listed cable, satellite systems and broadcast
Channel Zero
Montreal - CJNT
Source: Statistics Canada 2006 Census

58. Aboriginal Broadcasters
APTN Aboriginal People’s Television Network is a mandatory service available in over 10 million Canadian households and commercial establishments
Inuit and Métis people have the opportunity to share their stories with the rest of the world on a national television network dedicated to Aboriginal programming, documentaries, news, dramas, entertainment specials.

59. Television News Media

60. Television News Media
Prince Edward Islands only complete island television news broadcast is the CBC evening news program Compass.
The CBC is a government funded and controlled television station. How might that affect the news we receive?
The stories may be slanted or biased to favor the government.
The message we are receiving may be loaded or used to persuade our opinions.

61. How a Television News Broadcast is Constructed:
Appearance: Everything from the reporters clothes and appearance to the news set and scene where the news is coming from gives a visual impression to the viewer.

62. Editing: As we know stories can be molded by ...
Content: The actual story and its importance to the viewers. Who decides what is news an what is not?
The Editor
Editing: As we know stories can be molded by ...
Slant/bias
Placement (lead, middle or last)
Duration (length)
Language (“Ex-con” could be referring to a person who served a weekend in jail for a minor offence 20 years ago)

63. Sensationalism
News is constructed in a way that offers the best bang for your buck. It is a continual barrage of stories in a sequence until the commercial break.
Violence, Crime and Accidents are presented in the news more often than any other types of news.
Why is bad news shown so often?
What affect might it have on you?

64. Important Television Terms
Compatible Programming: a block of similar shows aired one after the other. It is used to keep the viewers hooked to that station.
Counter Programming: one network may offer something completely different than another network during the same time block to try and capture a different audience.
Affiliate: a network can be affiliated, or work with, another television station.

65. Television as an Information Source
Nonfiction and Fiction

66. Television as an Information Source
Non-fiction television (real tv) is a source of information for many North Americans. It is popular because it is up-to- date and visual.
8 Examples of Non-fiction Television:
News – prime source of news for North Americans
Documentaries – Discovery Channel, Biography Channel usually have a lot of documentaries.

67. Reality TV – no script, real people – Survivor
Game Shows – like reality but shows are scripted - Jeopardy, Wheel of Fortune
Sports Coverage – TSN, Sportsnet, The Score, ESPN
Talk Shows – Oprah, Dr. Phil, Ellen
Awards Shows – American Music Awards, Oscars, NHL Awards
Music Channels – Much Music, MTV, CMT

68. Television as a Storyteller
Many North Americans watch fictional television (fake) for entertainment.
5 Examples of Fictional Television:
Drama Series – more serious; they keep the same characters from week to week, and have a continuing story line. Examples would be Grey’s Anatomy, Law and Order, CSI

69. Docudrama – based on a true story, but fictional characters
Docudrama – based on a true story, but fictional characters. Examples would be Making the Band, Path to 9/11

70. Anthology – uses different story and characters each week
Anthology – uses different story and characters each week. Examples would be The Twilight Zone, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Tales From the Crypt.

71. Soap Opera – same characters and connected story from week to week
Soap Opera – same characters and connected story from week to week. Over-dramatic and silly, unbelievable story line. Examples would be Passions, Days of Our Lives, Another World.

72. Sitcoms – ½ hour comedy, same characters.
Traditional Family – father, mother, children all in one house. Example – According to Jim
Non-traditional Family – single-parent or divorced families. Example – Two and a Half Men
Lifestyles – certain groups of people. Example – Friends, Will and Grace
Workplace – most of show takes place at work. Example – Cheers, MASH, The Office

73. 3 Messages of TV Fiction
Plastic Smiles and Happy Endings: This includes most comedies and sitcoms. They always end with the characters happy and the problem solved.

74. Stereotypes and Standards:
Stereotype – giving certain characteristics to a group of people.
Examples
African Americans: maids, or servants
Italians: Mafia, or gangsters
Orientals: sneaky
Irish: drink too much
Russian: dangerous and spies

75. Sitcoms are very stereotypical
Sitcoms are very stereotypical. Most have white families with the father working, and mother raising the children.
Advocacy Groups push sitcoms to be more realistic and less stereotypical. They often review TV scripts and have been successful in making some sitcoms less stereotypical.

76. Effects of TV Violence:
Murder and Mayhem:
Every evening there are an average of 8 violent acts per hour.
Children’s cartoons average 22 per hour.
Evidence shows that TV violence leads to aggressive behavior, and anti-social behavior.
Effects of TV Violence:
Desensitizing effect on viewers
Unrealistic, glorified and made to look humorous.
Violence and killing used to kill “the bad guys”.

77. Type of Show
Acts of Violence
Cartoons
471
Promos for TV Shows
265
Movies
221
Toy Commercials
188
Music Videos
123
Commercials for Films
121
TV Dramas 69
News 62
Tabloid Reality Shows 58
Sitcoms 52
Soap Operas 34
Violence on TV
In 1992, TV Guide conducted a study of the number of violent acts shown during a typical 18 hour TV broadcast day. The study monitored the more popular cable channels at that time. They found…

78. Children’s TV
Kidvid: is a term used to describe children’s TV programming.
Some educational TV shows for children would be Sesame Street, Dora the Explorer, etc…
Pros
Some of the TV shows can be educational
Cons
Brain rotting/mindless
Violent
Program length compared to commercial time for candy/toys is uneven.