1. Acids & Bases
Y10 Science

2. Common acids In the lab At home HCl – hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
HNO3 – nitric acid
Lemon juice (citric acid)
Vinegar (ethanoic acid)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

3. Common bases In the lab At home NaOH – sodium hydroxide
NH4OH – ammonium hydroxide
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
Washing soda (sodium carbonate)

4. Acids and Bases Acids Bases Often taste sour
Strong acids can burn skin & eyes
Strong acids can dissolve metals
Examples:
Lemon juice (weak)
Vinegar (weak)
Car battery acid (strong)
Can taste bitter, sweetish, or salty
Strong bases can burn skin & eyes
Bases react more easily with protein than with metal; they are often used for cleaning
Examples:
Baking soda (weak)
Soap (weak or some neutral)
Drain cleaner (strong)

5. Acids
An acid is a substance which releases hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water.
The hydrogen ions are the “acid particles”

6. H+ + OH-  H20 Bases Hydrogen Ion + Hydroxide Ion  Water
When a base dissolves in water it releases hydroxide ions, OH-
Bases can cancel out the effect of an acid by removing the hydrogen ions (acid particles, H+)
Hydrogen Ion + Hydroxide Ion  Water
H+ + OH-  H20
This is neutralisation!