1. Ancient Greece: A History

2. A. The Unique legacy 1. Contributions
Greek is a basis for English
1. Contributions
a. Language (science, technical &
medical fields)
1. examples:
panic, atom, architecture, democracy, ethics, logic, myth, nectar, alphabet, theme, psychology, Achilles’ heel, Hippocratic oath (1 in 8 words)
Extra Credit Option:
Translate p. 27 (4 pts) & write what Greek person said that quote (1 pt)

3. b. how to reason & think what Greeks called themselves
science, math, medicine, history,
philosophy, drama
b. how to reason & think
Hellenes:
Hellenic:
Hellas—Greeks’ name for their country
c. art, sculpture & architecture
1. temples/columns (examples)
2. perfection
3. symmetry, order, balance & elegance

4. 1. Indo-European Caucasians a. lived on the Balkan peninsula (Greece)
B. The World (p. 110)
1. Indo-European Caucasians
a. lived on the Balkan peninsula
(Greece)
b. infertile, mountainous land
c. became sea-oriented people
i. exported olive oil, grains,
grapes & wine
d. moderate climate
( climate—320+ days of sun)
Aegean
(p. 110)
Mediterranean

5. Aegean Sea
Mediterranean Sea

6. 1. spent most of waking hours outdoors at outdoor arenas,
C. An outdoor life
1. spent most of waking hours outdoors
at outdoor arenas,
market places, wharves, in the
Assembly, or working out at the gymnasium
amphitheaters:
(p. 129)

7. Minoan civilization (2500-1500 B.C.) 1. lived on (p. 110)
2. Minos--monarch (leader)
3. leisure activity--leaping over bulls!!!
4. had a modern plumbing system
5. ended by either volcanic explosion,
earthquake/tidal wave, a foreign
invasion or a combination
Crete—Knossos

8. Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Crete
Knossos

9. 2. Mycenaeans--dominated for the next 700 years Mycenae
E. Heroic Age (2000 B.C.)
1. lived on the mainland—
2. Mycenaeans--dominated for the next
700 years
(p. 110)
Mycenae 2.

10. Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Crete
Mycenae
Mediterranean Sea
Crete
Knossos

11. F. The Trojan War (lasted 10 yrs)
favorite military target because its location
2. Troy--Ilium in Asia Minor
lived there & wrote the Iliad
a. a Greek army destroyed Troy because a Trojan youth named Paris had kidnapped Helen, beautiful wife of the Spartan king (she was the “Face that launched a
thousand ships”)—Trojan Horse
b. Odyssey-- the tale of one warrior’s adventurous return from Troy
Troy-
Homer--
(p )
King’s brother…King Agamemnon
epic

12. Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Crete
Troy
Aegean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Mycenae
Crete
Knossos

13. Rise of the Polis (after 750 B.C.)
4. Dorians took over
a. “Dark Age” for 400 years
Rise of the Polis (after 750 B.C.)
(poleis): a city & surrounding countryside
a. root for many words such as…
2. mountains made it easy for small
INDEPENDENT city-states to develop 3.
Polis 4.
police, policy, politics, Minneapolis, Annapolis, Indianapolis

15. 1. after 750 B.C.--Greek armies were just citizens
H. Seeds of Democracy
1. after 750 B.C.--Greek armies were just
citizens
2. ambitious aristocrats (revolts
led by soldier-citizens—settled other
colonies) that seized power with force
tyrants:
oppressive or wicked (today’s definition)
(p. 117)

16. The Coming of (creative state) Athens
(p. 117)
head of government
a. used harsh ideas of Draco--forbid
slavery for debt (didn’t give land
from rich to poor)
Solon--
next leader (tyrant) that redistributed land & reduced
privileges of the wealthy
(also sponsored 1st drama festival)
Peisistratus-
People didn’t like Peisistratus’ son

17. Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Crete
Troy
Aegean Sea
Athens
Mediterranean Sea
Mycenae
Crete
Knossos

18. (Ekklesia): the lawmaking body 1. members chosen by lottery 3.
a. made the Athenian
(Ekklesia): the lawmaking body members chosen by lottery
(all citizens eligible)
a method of banishing citizens who were dangerous to the polis (personally ambitious)
Cleisthenes--
Assembly
500 members
Ostracism:
4. Athens had a full direct
democracy (elected Assembly) during his rule (“The Age of Pericles”)
Pericles—

19. city state=polis strong navy extensive encouraged
direct democracy
strong navy
extensive
encouraged
gymnastics & wrestling
Individual freedom encouraged
Art, drama, political thought, & philosophy encouraged

20. J. ’s Iron Way (military state)
(p. 118)
1. settled by warlike people
2. enslaved Spartan farm laborers
3. lived a “boot camp” life--train to
become good warriors
Sparta
helots:
Helots—Greek word meaning “capture”

21. Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Crete
Troy
Aegean Sea
Athens
Mycenae
Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Crete
Knossos

22. Do p. 27—Extra Credit (5 pts)
city state=polis
militaristic totalitarian state
strong army
limited
limited
gymnastics & military exercises
Individual below the state
Individual & creative thinking suppressed
Do p. 25—Answer the questions based on the comparison chart (14 pts) & turn in
Do p. 27—Extra Credit (5 pts)

23. The Persian Threat (500- 480 B.C.) (p. 122)
runner sent to Athens ( mi.) to announce the Greek army’s victory over the Persians
Greeks, led by Spartans,
fall to Persians (Battle of 300)
(island)—Athenians fled
Athens in fear of Persians attacking
them to this island; Greek Navy defeats Persians
Greeks defeat Persians which ended the war & the Persian threat
Marathon--
Pheidippides “Victory, we win!”
Thermopylae—
Salamis
Plataea—

24. Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Crete
Troy
Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
Plataea
Marathon
Athens
Salamis
Mycenae
Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Crete
Knossos

25. L. Athenian Greatness (480-430 B.C.)
1. Businesses & trade grew--commercial
dynasty
2. Any citizen could serve in any public
office (no longer used a lottery)
3. Money to pay for beautification of city
a. replace buildings
b. build new ones--
temple built in 447 B.C. for Athena (15 yrs.) on the fortress or hill meaning ”above the city”
Parthenon:
Acropolis:

26. Parthenon

27. Drama/Writers/Poets (11)
a first actor in dramas
Thespis--
b sponsored 1st
drama festival
Peisistratus--
Homer
c Wrote a
set of 3 plays “Oresteia” about
the fate of King Agamemnon’s son
Aeschylus--
tragedies;
Sophacles--
d. wrote tragedies of
arrogance & the “Oedipus Rex”
about a son killing his father to
marry his mother 90 yrs old)
e wrote “Trojan Women”
Euripides--

28. f. wrote comedies about politicians & current events
Aristophanes--
g. father of history
(added myths to Persian Wars)
Herodotus--
h. wrote factual history
of Peloponnesian War
Thucydides--
i woman poet & started a
musical school for wealthy women
Sappho--
poet that wrote of winning
athletes
Pindar-

29. a. purpose of life?--drank poison (Socratic method) Socrates--
Philosophy (3)
lover of wisdom
a purpose of life?--drank
poison (Socratic method)
Socrates--
philosopher:
Read the “Trial of Socrates”
b. started a school--the
Academy—wrote down Socrates’
teachings
Plato--
c student at the Academy & tutored Alexander the Great
Aristotle--

30. 6. Math & science (8)
a developed pi & also
developed lever/pulley & catapult
Archimedes—
b thought sun was
the center of universe
Aristarchus--
Democritus--
c developed 1st atomic theory
d calculated a
very accurate circumference of
the earth (but thought earth
was center of universe)
Eratosthenes—

31. e developed proofs & 1st
geometry text
Euclid--
f developed
Hippocratic Oath for doctors
Hippocrates--
g developed
Pythagorean theorem
Pythagoras--
h thought everything
originated from water
Thales--

32. that tried to answer questions on society & the individual Sophists--
7. Others (4)
a developed a school of thought (Epicureanism) based on the idea of do not indulge or go to extremes
Epicurus--
moderation:
b artist who made
sculpture of Zeus
Phidias--
c a group of teachers
that tried to answer questions on
society & the individual
Sophists--
d. developed a school of
thought that emphasiZed
reaZoning (Stoicism)
Zeno--
Greek People Review

33. 8. Civil War (431 B.C.)-- 27 yrs (p. 124) a. Athens vs. Sparta called
Peloponnesian Wars
b. mostly fought on the
c. Sparta won-- but Athens remained as center of Greek culture
(capital today)
p. 135
Peloponnesus Peninsula

34. Peloponnesian Peninsula
Troy
Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
Peloponnesian Peninsula
Plataea
Marathon
Athens
Salamis
Mycenae
Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Crete
Knossos

35. M. & the Hellenistic Era (335 B.C.) 1. son of 2. tutored by Aristotle
3. conquered largest empire the world
had seen which spread Greek culture
to Indus Valley
4. after his death (33 yrs old), the
Hellenistic Era developed
Alexander
Philip II
(p. 140)

36. O. Greek gods & oracles
1. Polytheism
2. gods were everywhere & caused
everything (each city state had a
patron god/dess)
3. gods were human-like (expressed
emotions)
4. lived on (p. 135)
priests & priestesses that
predicted the future & the Greeks
looked to them for advice
6. Built temples for gods/goddesses
(Parthenon)
Mt. Olympus
Oracles:

37. Peloponnesian Peninsula
Mt. Olympus
Troy
Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
Plataea
Marathon
Peloponnesian Peninsula
Athens
Salamis
Mycenae
Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Crete
Knossos

38. 7. 12 major Greek gods / goddesses
a. Zeus-- king of all gods (Olympics)
b. Aphrodite-- goddess of beauty & love
c. Apollo-- god of the sun
d. Ares-- god of war
e. Artemis-- goddess of the moon
f. Athena-- goddess of wisdom
g. Demeter-- goddess of crops
h. Dionysus-- god of fertility
i. Hephaestus-- god of fire/forge (ugly)
j. Hera– (wife of Zeus) protectress of
marriage
k. Hermes-- god of orators, writers &
commerce
l. Poseidon—god of the seas & oceans
mythology

39. P. Education in Greece
1. 4 cycles of relate phases of humans
(education in 1st two phases)
a. pois (child)
b. epheboi (youth)
c. auer (man)
d. “geron” (elder)

40. 2. Young boys
a. started at 6-7 yrs. old
b. private schools ( boys)
c. slaves took boys to school &
watched over their progress
d. sit on bench; use a stylus & a
wax-coated tablet (paper used
for important events)
e. started at 7:00 a.m.

41. f. subjects
1. reading
2. writing
3. arithmetic (with an abacus)
4. play the double flute (anlos)
5. sing songs
6. recite Homer’s poetry
g. after age 12
1. wrestling school
( gymnasium)
2. swim
3. use bow & arrow
palaestra:

42. h. after 15-16
1. concentrated on a physical program to prepare them for
war… running, leaping,
hunting, driving chariots,
hurling a javelin
public speaking
3. science
4. philosophy
5. history
i. at 18-21
1. entered Athenian Soldiers
Youth (2 yrs)
2. afterward, protected borders &
kept order in Athens (police)
oratory:

43. 3. Young girls
a. mothers instructed them of
“Domestic Sciences”
1. read
2. write
3. reckon (math)
4. spin
5. weave
6. embroider
7. sing and dance
8. play an instrument
9. only in Sparta—participated
in athletics or exercised
their bodies

45. Peloponnesian Peninsula
Mt. Olympus
Troy
Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
Delphi
Thebes
Plataea
Marathon
Peloponnesian Peninsula
Corinth
Athens
Salamis
Olympia
Mycenae
Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Crete
Knossos

46. Review Ancient Olympics: Read p. 14-16 Quiz over reading (15 pts)
Ancient Olympics Video worksheet (10 pts)
Review