1. INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

2. Instructional Equipment Operations

3. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Explain the meaning of instructional equipment
Describe the nature of instructional equipment
Enumerate some instructional equipment hardware and software
Outline the xteristics of various instructional equipment
Apply the principles of cost analysis in production of packages
Discuss copyright laws in relation to media use

4. Meaning of Instructional Equipment
Different electronic media gadgets that can be used to
In everyday teaching and learning situation, they provide both
teaching and learning support
technical support
Instruct
Mediate
Communicate
Inform

5. Instructional Equipment
Digital technologies or electronic devices that are capable of mediating in the process instruction in teaching and learning
Video Machines
Television monitors and CCTV
VCD, DVD players
Computers
Interactive Boards
Projectors
Public Address Systems
Audio Players and Recorders
I-Clickers

6. Nature of Instructional Equipment

7. Nature of Instructional Equipment
Gadgets in their solid state are HARDWARES
Television
Video Players
Computers
SOFTWARES are required for hardwares to function
Video Cassetes
Compact Discs
SD cards and flash drives
Television and Radio programmes

8. Nature of Instructional Equipment
Software can be locally sourced or factory produced
Hardware can be mobile or fixed
Some media equipment require battery or electricity supply to function
Hence, the use of certain equipment is limited to certain environment with available source of power

9. The Over Head Projector

10. Operating Procedure for OHP
Connect power cable to the wall socket for electricity supply
Put on the switch
Place the prepared transparency (SOFTWARE) on the stage glass/platen
Adjust the knob to give accurate focus of image/lettering on the acetate film/transparency
The teacher is expected to back the screen while he uses hand to place/indicate /remove transparencies placed on the platen.

11. The Slide Projector Electrical powered direct projection system
Functions like OHP
Uses 2inches slides instead of transparencies of OHP
The slides fits into the slide holder of the projector
Slides are manually loaded sequentially into the tray
The slides can either be produced or purchased as ready-made
The carousel can carry between 150 to 250 slides

12. Operating Procedure for Slide Projector
Connect the power cable to electricity source
Place the slides in the holder(carousel)
Put on the switch
Adjust the elevation knob to place the image on the screen
Adjust the focus knob to zoom the image for sharpness
The teacher controls the movement of the slides through remote control

13. Film-Strip Projector
Uses strip instead of 2x2inches slide of Slide Projector
Strips are long chains of slides attached together
Can be synchronised with audio to appear like a movie

14. Film-Strip Projector Operations
Connect power cable to source of power
Put on the switch
Install film on the strip- carrier and ensure it is fitted in the sprocket
Adjust the elevation and focus knobs

15. Multimedia Projector
Recieves digital signals from hardwares such as computers and Videoplayers
Recieves signal from flashdrives and other external harddrives also
Project images as Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Portable but delicate to handle
Can project in original colours

16. Multimedia Projector Operations
Connect power cable to the socket for power suppy
Connect appropriate cable from the computer or any other transmitting device
HDMI cable
VGA cable
Ensure the screen is set
Switch on the projector
Adjust the image projected for sharpness using
appropriate knobs and buttons

17. Video Machines
Connect the camera to power source/ Connect appropriate battery to the device
Place cassette/memory card in its compartment
Mount on tripod if available
Switch on the gadget
Focus on the object/scene
Adjust the lens and zoom to get sharp image
Press the record button or tab on LCD screen to record
Press the same button to stop recording.

18. Still Pictures Camera

19. VCR, VCD and DVD Players VCR – Video Cassete Recorder
VCD – Video Compact Disc
DVD – Digital Video Disc

20. VCR, VCD and DVD Players Operations
Connect power cable to the socket for power suppy
Connect appropriate cable from the Television or other monitor device e.g Projector
Switch the device on and press eject button to open cassete/disk compartment
Place the cassete/disk in its compartment
Switch the monitor or television on
Adjust the speed and video size with buttons and knobs on the player

21. Television
Have capability to receive both sound and visual signals from:
Players
Close circuit system
Cameras
Television stations
Computers
Have inbuilt screen and speaker to produce sound and vision simultaneously
Connect device to source of power
Connect appropriate cables and antennae where necessary
Switch on the TV set to receive the signal from the player/station or CCTV system

22. Computers

23. Computers Physically simple hardware but functionally complex machine
Has ability to receive different types of inputs, process, store and release outputs for different purposes
Very useful in teaching and learning
Record keeping
CAI, CAD and CMI
Research works via the internet
Etc

24. Copyright Laws in relation to media use
Guidelines set to protect instructional material and media producers from pirates (illegal usage and duplication)
Exclusive to creative productions
Creative productions require extensive use of imagination to produce original works
Producers must obtain copyright ownership on
their works to claim the originality
Copyright is a form of protection provided by the law to
the authors of “original works of authorship.”

25. Advantages of Instructional Equipment for teaching and Learning
Most are easy to operate
Most of the softwares are readily available or can be easily produced
Easy to use for large groups/classes
Presents instructions to students in real colours
Students can be taught using both Audio and Visual signals
They can be easily stored and maintained
They are durable and have considerable lifespan

26. Limitations to use of Instructional Equipment
Most are powered by electricity. Thus, irregularity in power supply hinders the usage
The equipments are relatively expensive to purchase
Some projectors require a darkroom to function very well
And others. (add your own)

27. Other instructional gadgets and equip