2. Under supervision Dr. Salwa Abd El_Kasem 2016-2017 Prepared by 5 th Year students Group(191-200)

3. 1-introuction about dyspepsia, causes& pharmacological treatment. 2-studdy of many plants which plays important role in treating dyspepsia. 3-studdy of ( Mentaprenol ) recipe and its recommendations. 4-general rules to get healthy stomach and good digestion.

4. is a sensation of discomfort in the upper part of the stomach or the abdomen which start immediately after meal there is a pain between a navel and a lower breast bone.

5. Symptoms of dyspepsia:

6. 30% Normal = functional dyspepsia. 30% Gastritis duodenitis or hiatus hernia. 15% Duodenal or Gastric ulcer. 15% Oesophagitis = GORD.

7. Pharmacological treatment of ingestion:

8. Natural plants for treating dyspepsia:

9. Chamomile : Origin: Matricaria chamomilla, Family: Asteraceae or Compositae. Parts Used : Flower. Constituents: : azulenes as chamazulene, 1-Essential oil alpha-bisabolol (up to 50%)….(anti inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic). 2-flavonoids : apigenin &quercetin( anti inflammatory,antispasmodic). 3-Up to 10% mucilage polysaccharides Remedy: one cup of tea three times daily by mouth.

10. Peppermint Origin: Mentha piperita,Family: Labiatae. Part used: oil obtained from the leaves. Constituents: Mainly essential oil.. Menthol, cineole, limonene (antispasmodic, carminative) Remedy: Peppermint is used for treatment of dyspepsia Adding few drops of peppermint essential oil in a glass of water and drinking it after meal gives relief from indigestive properties. Average daily dose: 3-4 drops in hot water. Contraindication: Obstruction of bile ducts, gall bladder inflammation Origin: Mentha piperita,Family: Labiatae. Part used: oil obtained from the leaves. Constituents: Mainly essential oil.. Menthol, cineole, limonene (antispasmodic, carminative) Remedy: Peppermint is used for treatment of dyspepsia Adding few drops of peppermint essential oil in a glass of water and drinking it after meal gives relief from indigestive properties. Average daily dose: 3-4 drops in hot water. Contraindication: Obstruction of bile ducts, gall bladder inflammation

11. Caraway : Origin: Carum carvi, Family : Apiaceae part used: Caraway seeds. Constituents: 1-rich in fatty acids and nutrients and can treat indigestion. 2-3–7% volatile oil, with the main components …carvone (50– 60%) and limonene (40%)..(carminative, antispasmodic, anti inflammatory) Drug interaction: Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs) interacts with Caraway, Caraway might decrease blood sugar. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Remedy: One teaspoonful of caraway seeds added to 200 ml of boiling water and can be taken before or after eating3 times daily. Origin: Carum carvi, Family : Apiaceae part used: Caraway seeds. Constituents: 1-rich in fatty acids and nutrients and can treat indigestion. 2-3–7% volatile oil, with the main components …carvone (50– 60%) and limonene (40%)..(carminative, antispasmodic, anti inflammatory) Drug interaction: Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs) interacts with Caraway, Caraway might decrease blood sugar. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Remedy: One teaspoonful of caraway seeds added to 200 ml of boiling water and can be taken before or after eating3 times daily.

12. Ginger Origin: Zingiber officinale,Family: Zingiberaceae Parts used: rhizomes. Constituent: 1-Essential oil: citronellal, 1,8-cineole, beta-phellandrene, camphor(digestion stimulating, cholagogue. antiulcer, sialagogue,carminative, antispasmodic. 2-non-volatile compounds of ginger :gingerols and shogaols (potent antiemetic action). Contra indications: 1-pregnancy, gastrointestinal irritation and urticaria. 2-blood coagulation disorders, or with gallstones. Remedy: - Decoction: 3g/cup. Boil for 5 minutes. Three cups a day between meals. - Dust: 2 g / day, in two or three takes.

13. Laurel Origin: Laurus nobilis, Family: Lauraceae leaves & fruits.:Part used Constituents: 1-Essential oil (2-3%): cineol (30-50%), alpha and beta-pinene (10%), linalool (10%), geraniol, sabinene,..(antiseptic, expectorant, carminative and antispasmodic ). 2-Sesquiterpene lactones: costunolide, laurenobiolide (digestive and cholagogue). Remedy: -Infusion: 3 or 4 leaves per cup. Infuse 10 minutes. Two or three cups a day, before or after meals. - Essential oil: 2-4 drops, twice a day. Origin: Laurus nobilis, Family: Lauraceae leaves & fruits.:Part used Constituents: 1-Essential oil (2-3%): cineol (30-50%), alpha and beta-pinene (10%), linalool (10%), geraniol, sabinene,..(antiseptic, expectorant, carminative and antispasmodic ). 2-Sesquiterpene lactones: costunolide, laurenobiolide (digestive and cholagogue). Remedy: -Infusion: 3 or 4 leaves per cup. Infuse 10 minutes. Two or three cups a day, before or after meals. - Essential oil: 2-4 drops, twice a day.

14. Coriander Origin:Coriandrum sativum, Family: Umbelliferae Part used: seeds Constituents: 1-essential oils.. mainly of linalool.(it encourages theproduction of digestive enzymes and juices). Contraindication: With diabetic and hypertensive patient. Remedy: -Having buttermilk mixed with two teaspoons of coriander juice works as an effective natural cure for nausea and indigestion. Follow this therapy two to three times in a day. -Drinking an infusion teaspoon of coriander seed powder in a cup of water is good for indigestion Origin:Coriandrum sativum, Family: Umbelliferae Part used: seeds Constituents: 1-essential oils.. mainly of linalool.(it encourages theproduction of digestive enzymes and juices). Contraindication: With diabetic and hypertensive patient. Remedy: -Having buttermilk mixed with two teaspoons of coriander juice works as an effective natural cure for nausea and indigestion. Follow this therapy two to three times in a day. -Drinking an infusion teaspoon of coriander seed powder in a cup of water is good for indigestion

15. Quassia Origin: Quassia amara, Family: Simaroubaceae. Part used: wood constituents: quassian bitter principle. Mechanism of action: It stimulates most positively the salivary, mucous, gastric and intestinal canal. Side Effects: irritation of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract along with nausea and vomiting. In very large doses, it could cause abnormal heartfunction; Long-term use can cause vision changes and blindness.

16. Quassia …cont. Dose: A typical oral dose of 500 mg. Contraindication: Pregnancy, Lactation : Documented adverse reactions. It can cause cell damage and nausea.. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

17. Yarrow Origin: Achillea millefolium, Family: Asteraceae (composites) Part used: Arial parts (stem, leaves, &flowers). Active constituents: 1-volatile oil, containing a- and b- pinenes, eugenol, farnesene, salicylic acid, cineole, camphor, chamazulene, limonene (anti- inflammatory) 2- flavonoids as apigenin and luteolin (increase saliva and stomach acid, helping to improve digestion and relieve stomach muscle spasms and to promote bile acid flow ). Side Effects and Interactions: 1-photosensitivity or allergic reactions &rash. Origin: Achillea millefolium, Family: Asteraceae (composites) Part used: Arial parts (stem, leaves, &flowers). Active constituents: 1-volatile oil, containing a- and b- pinenes, eugenol, farnesene, salicylic acid, cineole, camphor, chamazulene, limonene (anti- inflammatory) 2- flavonoids as apigenin and luteolin (increase saliva and stomach acid, helping to improve digestion and relieve stomach muscle spasms and to promote bile acid flow ). Side Effects and Interactions: 1-photosensitivity or allergic reactions &rash.

18. Yarrow …cont. Dose : Yarrow flowers : 3 g per day as a tea or infusion. Dried herb : 2 to 4 g of infusion or yarrow capsules three times a day. Remedy: Dried yarrow herb 1 teaspoon – Boiling water 1 cup – Put the herb in a cup – Pour the boiling water into the cup – Let it steep for 10 minutes – Sweeten to taste – Drink it twice a day Dose : Yarrow flowers : 3 g per day as a tea or infusion. Dried herb : 2 to 4 g of infusion or yarrow capsules three times a day. Remedy: Dried yarrow herb 1 teaspoon – Boiling water 1 cup – Put the herb in a cup – Pour the boiling water into the cup – Let it steep for 10 minutes – Sweeten to taste – Drink it twice a day

19. Fennel Origin: Foeniculum vulgar, Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Part used: seeds, leaves and root are also used. Constituents : essential oil as Anethole (80%), 10% estragole, 7.5% fenchone (carminatives &and antispasmodic). Side Effects: 1-photosesitivity& skin rash. 2- Choose fennel seeds instead of fennel oil because the oil sometimes causes seizures and hallucinations. Dose: Fennel seed and fennel seed oil have been used as appetite stimulant and carminative agents in doses of 5 to 7 g and 0.1 to 0.6 mL, respectively.

20. Fennel… cont. Interactions: 1-One study suggested that the fennel has the ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4. Therefore, fennel should be used cautiously with medications requiring this isoenzyme as a substrate. Pregnancy/Lactation : There are documented adverse reactions and emmenagogue effects. Avoid use.

21. Recipe Mentabrenol formed from Fennel, Ginger, and Peppermint. Principle of use: boil one tea spoon of ginger powder with one half spoon of fennel for 5 min then macerate it with one half tea spoon of peppermint for 10 min. Take it once per day.

22. general rules to get healthy stomach and good digestion 1-Choose high quality, fresh organic foods. 2-Chew thoroughly. 3-Pay attention to digestive enzymes in raw vegetables as carrot, cabbage. Drink plenty of water....4-Hydrate 5-Make dietary fiber your friend. 6-Add probiotics to your diet. 7-Exercise and keep stress levels down. 8-Skip the bad habits: Smoking and avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol.