1. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 1.Non-renewable 1.Fossil Fuels Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum (Oil) 2.Nuclear – Uranium ore 2.Renewable Biofuels, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydro, Solar, Tidal, Wave, Wind Fuel Types Topic 1 Energy Sources – Fuels We’ll get to the rest in “Power Plants”

2. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 1.Fuels produced from renewable resources 2.Renewable Resources: A natural resource replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans or other users. Renewable Fuels Topic 1 Energy Sources – Fuels

3. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 Renewable Fuels – Biofuel 1.Any fuel with an 80% minimum content by volume of materials derived from living organisms harvested within 10 years of fuel manufacture 2.Ford’s “Model T” – 1 st affordable automobile – designed to run on ethanol 3.The diesel engine – invented 1897 – was designed to run on biodiesel 4.Like coal, natural gas, and petroleum, biofuel is a form of stored solar energy 5.It is biodegradable

4. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 Renewable Fuels – Biofuel 1.Vegetable Oil 1)Lower quality (not quite edible) used for fuel oil 2)Used veg. oil increasingly used for biodiesel Restaurant cooking oil sold/stolen and used Biofuel Types

5. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 Renewable Fuels – Biofuel 2.Bioalcohols 1.Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol 2.Energy content comparable to gasoline 3.Ethanol most common biofuel worldwide 4.Chemical Formula: 1.Methane = CH 4 2.Methanol = CH 4 O = CH 3 OH 3.Ethane = C 2 H 6 4.Ethanol = C 2 H 6 O = C 2 H 5 OH Biofuel Types Alcohol

6. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 3.Biodiesel 1)Similar to the fuel used in diesel engines 2)Made from 1)Vegetable oils 2)Animal fats 3)Algae Renewable Fuels – Biofuel Biofuel Types

7. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 Renewable Fuels – Biofuel Biofuel Types - Biodiesel

8. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 4.Biogas – Similar to methane 1)Produced by anaerobic digestion of organic material a)Anaerobic digestion – microorganisms break down biodegradables in absence of oxygen b)Organic material – a once-living organism, capable of decay, or the product of decay 2)Landfills (70% of landfill) and other biodegradable wastes like cow manure Renewable Fuels – Biofuel Biofuel Types

9. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-5 2.Solid Biofuels – Biomass 1)Wood, sawdust, grass cuttings, domestic refuse, charcoal, agricultural waste, non-food energy crops, and dried manure 2)When already in usable form (firewood), can be burned directly for heat or produce steam (for electricity generation) 3)When not in usable form, create pellets out of material to be burned in pellet stove Renewable Fuels – Biomass Wood pellet stove

11. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Renewable Energy 3.Solar Power a.All energy except geothermal and nuclear derive energy from the sun b.Total solar energy absorbed by earth in 1 hour is more than world uses in a year c.Two types of ways to use Sun’s warmth and light a.Passive collection – capturing warmth and light through design b.Active collection – using technology to transform solar energy into electricity

12. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Passive Solar Collection Architecture – designing structures 1)Face buildings south 2)Solar water heating Agriculture Water sanitization

13. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Active Solar Collection Photovoltaics (PV) – converts light into electric current

14. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Active Solar Collection Photovoltaics (PV) – converts light into electric current

15. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Renewable Energy 4. Wind Power a.Sun influences weather processes that create wind b.Converts wind energy into electricity using turbines 1)Blades 2)Gear Box 3)Generator

16. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Renewable Energy 5.Hydroelectric Power Plant a.Gravitational force of falling water converted into electricity using turbines 1)Dam stores water in reservoir Energy generation depends on head – height difference from top of reservoir to top of river – and volume 2)Spillway releases excess water 3)Gate releases dam water into penstock – screen prevents objects from damaging turbines 4)Penstock is piping – pressure of water increases

17. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-7 Renewable Energy 6.Geothermal Power Plant a.Harnessing energy generated from heat stored in Earth 1.Steam or hot water pumped from underground to turn turbines 2.Waste steam/water returned to ground or reused

18. Renewable Energy 7.Tidal Power Plants

19. Renewable Energy 8.Wave Power Plants Linear Generator