1. The Chinese Civil War 1946-1949 1.Why did war break out in 1946? 2.Why did the CCP win the Civil War?

2. China in 1945 August 1945 – Japan surrender CCP took the surrender

3. CCP or GMD? 1.Regarded by the Western World as the legitimate government of China 2.The more powerful military group with 2.7 million men in their army (3x larger) 3.Had the public support of the USA and the USSR 4.In 1945 the party had a membership of 1.2 million 5.Strongest in the North

4. US-Mediation Leads to a Ceasefire in 1946

5. The Wedemeyer Report 1947 He argued that the United States needed to intervene in China with money, armaments, and government and military advisers who could make the necessary reforms to gain the Kuomintang popular support, and assist the military in defeating the communists. By this point, the government had already sent $200 million dollars in aid, and refused to send any more help. Perhaps this was due to Truman’s two false premises (Wei 90) He believed (mistakenly) that the civil war was 1) corrupt leaders vs. 2) agrarian reformers

6. Why did the Civil war break out in 1946? Cold War context and the Soviet Union’s attitude to China led to negotiations between the parties in Chongqing Oct 1945 – agreement to set up a democracy, united GMD/CCP military force, hold elections for a national assembly BUT could not agree on who should lead army and local government areas

7. CCP and GMD military status GMD the more powerful with 2.7 million men, airforce, heavy artillery. 50,000 US marines supporting GMD CCP have 1.2 million men in the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Soviet Union seized 100,000 guns and artillery pieces from Japan in Manchuria – gave them to CCP (1945) Enabled CCP to move into Manchuria

8. 1945-46 Nov 1945 US and GMD troops occupy Beijing and move into Manchuria Soviet Union order CCP to give up Manchurian cities Dec 1945 Truman sends George Marshall to China to preserve peace Jan 1946 Ceasefire signed Compromise deal agreed for democratic elections and a united front army. Soviet Union start to withdraw from Manchuria.

9. War is declared Chiang determined not to accept parliamentary democracy – feared losing power War breaks out in Manchuria GMD and USA march into Manchuria CCP seize Harbin July 1946 GMD all out assault on CCP in North in order to wipe them out Dec 1946 Massive student protests against USA Jan 1947 Marshall leaves China China is at war

10. Why did the CCP win the Civil War? FactorsGMDCCP Military Factors Political Factors Economic Factors Popular Support International Support Leadership Use pages 81-87 of the Stewart book to help you fill in the table