1. Unit 6: Human Health And Physiology Lesson 6.6 Reproduction Text Correlation: 12.2/12.3/12.4 Web Activities: 27 A & B

2. Draw diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems. Locate the following: Penis Penis Urethra Urethra Testis Testis Epididymis Epididymis Scrotum Scrotum Vas Deferens Vas Deferens Bladder Bladder Seminal Vesicle Seminal Vesicle Cowper’s Gland Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Prostate Gland Anus Anus

3. Draw diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems. Ureter Ureter Bladder Bladder Urethra Urethra Vagina Vagina Cervix Cervix Uterus Uterus Ovary Ovary Funnel Funnel Oviduct Oviduct Clitoris Clitoris Fallopian Tubes Fallopian Tubes

4. Explain the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle Estrogen- promotes secondary sexual characteristics, thickens uterine lining. Estrogen- promotes secondary sexual characteristics, thickens uterine lining. FSH- stimulates development of follicle FSH- stimulates development of follicle LH- stimulates the release of egg from follices (ovulation) LH- stimulates the release of egg from follices (ovulation) Progesterone- maintains thickening of uterine lining. Inhibits ovulation, LH, and FSH Progesterone- maintains thickening of uterine lining. Inhibits ovulation, LH, and FSH

5. Menstrual Cycle Cont.. Cycle: Cycle: 1. release of FSH from pituitary gland 1. release of FSH from pituitary gland 2. growing follicle releases estrogen- this increases the thickness of the lining 2. growing follicle releases estrogen- this increases the thickness of the lining 3. Thickness of lining stimulates LH 3. Thickness of lining stimulates LH LH stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum (which produces progesterone that keeps the lining intact and inhibits FSH and LH LH stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum (which produces progesterone that keeps the lining intact and inhibits FSH and LH If fertilization does NOT occur then the corpus luteum degenerates and the pituitary will start producing FSH If fertilization does NOT occur then the corpus luteum degenerates and the pituitary will start producing FSH

6. Testosterone and Boys Hormone produced by testes Hormone produced by testes Function: Function: Promotion of male secondary sexual characteristics (puberty) Promotion of male secondary sexual characteristics (puberty) Growth and activity of male reproductive organs Growth and activity of male reproductive organs Spermatogenesis (sperm production) Spermatogenesis (sperm production) Enhanced sexual desire (libido) Enhanced sexual desire (libido) Enhances immune function Enhances immune function Protection against osteoporosis Protection against osteoporosis

7. Secondary sexual characteristics in both sexes. Males Males Growth of penis and scrotum. Growth of penis and scrotum. Increased facial and body hair. Increased facial and body hair. Deeper voice= larger voice box. Deeper voice= larger voice box. Females Females Growth of breasts. Growth of breasts. Increased body hair Increased body hair Rounder hips Rounder hips

8. Differences between copulation and fertilization. Copulation- the act of sexual intercourse, where the penis penetrates the vagina and semen containing sperm is released into the female body cavity. Fertilization- the joining of egg and sperm to form a zygote.

9. Four methods of family planning and contraception. Condoms- latex placed on the penis. Condoms- latex placed on the penis. Birth control pills- hormone regulation that suppresses ovulation. Birth control pills- hormone regulation that suppresses ovulation. Vasectomy- cutting the vas deferens = no sperm leaves the body Vasectomy- cutting the vas deferens = no sperm leaves the body IUD- T-shaped device placed in the uterus, which prevents implantation. IUD- T-shaped device placed in the uterus, which prevents implantation.

10. Ethical issues of family planning and contraception. Religion- some religions view contraceptives as interrupting with God’s plan. Religion- some religions view contraceptives as interrupting with God’s plan. Political/Economic- women in developing countries don’t often have the same access to family planning choices. Political/Economic- women in developing countries don’t often have the same access to family planning choices. Age- some teens are prevented from accessing information about family planning, regardless of their level of sexual activity. Age- some teens are prevented from accessing information about family planning, regardless of their level of sexual activity.

11. Techniques of amniocentesis. Amniocentesis involves withdrawing some amniotic fluid containing embryonic cells using a syringe. It can be used to diagnose nearly 400 conditions from chromosomal abnormalities to biochemical disorders. The procedure has certain risks associated with it. Amniocentesis involves withdrawing some amniotic fluid containing embryonic cells using a syringe. It can be used to diagnose nearly 400 conditions from chromosomal abnormalities to biochemical disorders. The procedure has certain risks associated with it.

12. The process of in vitro fertilization (IVF). 1) ovarian stimulation 1) ovarian stimulation 2) oocyte (egg) retrieval 2) oocyte (egg) retrieval 3) in vitro fertilization 3) in vitro fertilization 4) embryo transfer into uterus 4) embryo transfer into uterus

13. Ethical issues of IVF. gender selection- ability to implant embryos of only one gender. Other modifications? gender selection- ability to implant embryos of only one gender. Other modifications? Birth mother not genetic mother Birth mother not genetic mother Elderly women having babies Elderly women having babies frozen embryos- what happens to those which are not used? Who has custody? frozen embryos- what happens to those which are not used? Who has custody? Creation of life in a lab Creation of life in a lab Creating embryos for research Creating embryos for research

15. Ureter