1. AP Words 1/25 1.Suez Canal 2.Benjamin Disraeli 3.Queen Victoria (England) 4.Young Turks 5.Gold Coast 6.Ivory Coast 7.Dr. Livingston 8.The Berlin Conference 1885 9.Boers 10.Dowager Empress Tsu Hsi 11.John Hobson 12.Heinrich von Treitschke 13.Fashoda Crisis 1898 14.Treaty of Nanking 1842 15.Clermont experiment of 1807 16.Meiji Restoration of 1867 17.Sino-Japanese War 1894

2. Imperialism Part 2

3. USA Imperialism Mexican-American War –California, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas Spanish-American War –Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines Panama Canal

4. Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire 1850s – starts declining No nationalism, no unity Most people Muslim –Some Jewish –Many Christians –Each lived side by side but followed laws and customs of each individual religion

5. Europe in Ottoman Empire “capitulations” –Ottomans could not raise tarrifs –Europeans exempt from most taxes –If European broke law – could only be tried in European court

6. The Sick Man of Europe Turkey called this Had slowly been losing territory since 1699 –Russia had taken Crimean & Caucasus –Hungary gone –Serbia independent –Romania independent –Greece independent

7. The Crimean War Turks on winning side But almost as if they were losers Exposed political and military weaknesses Turks wanted to reform based on western ideas Wished to become more independent of west

8. Tried to Reform 1856-1876 Hatt-i Humayun –1856 most far reaching Turkish reform –Ottoman national citizenship –Abolished religious hierarchy –Equality before the law –Army open to Christian and Muslims –Abolished torture –Reformed prisons

9. Abdul Hamid II Sultan 1876 Approved a constitution Promised personal liberty, freedom of conscience, freedom of education and the press, and parliamentary govt First Turkish parliament 1877 –Then Hamid packed up parliament and threw away the constitution!

10. Repression –Reigned for 33 yrs –Lived in terror! Fighting against forces he couldn’t understand Chemistry books burn = held a secret cipher –Panicked at thought of reform –Many reformers therefore lived in exile Young Turks –Feared imperial ambitions for his empire

11. Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878 Russia had its eye on Turkish territory Pan-Slavism –Dostoevski - writer –Tyutchev - poet –Danilevsky - novelist Insurrection against the Turks – Bosnia 1875, Bulgaria 1876 1877 Russia declared war

12. Russia wins this time Reach Constantinople 1878 Treaty of San Stefano –Russia gained Batum and Kars –Full independence to Serbia and Romania –Promised reformed to Bosnia –Autonomy for a new Bulgarian state –Doesn’t last, but shows Turkey’s weakness

13. White Man’s Burden 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the "White Man’s Burden"? 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the "White Man" gets for carrying his "burden"? 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it?