1. A short history of the balkans 1875-1913

2. Russo-Turkish War (1877)
: revolts in Bosnia & Bulgaria (Ottoman provinces)
Crushed by Turkey
1877: Russia attacks Turkey and wins
Treaty of San Stefano: creates large Bulgaria (Russian puppet)
Treaty of Berlin (1878)
Bulgaria dismantled and reincorporated into Turkey
Serbia and Rumania gain independence
Austria receives Bosnia as protectorate
Seen as major victory for Austria and defeat for Russia
Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin

4. Bosnian Crisis (1908)
July 1908: Young Turk Revolution weakens Ottoman govt
Bulgaria declares independence
October 1908: Aehrenthal (Austria) and Izvolski (Russia) strike deal
Austria may annex Bosnia
Austria will support Russian rights to the Straights
Austria makes a premature and partial announcement, embarrassing Russia
Germany threatens Russia with war
Russia is humiliated and determines not to let it happen again

5. Balkan Wars (1912-13) Part 1: Balkan League attacks Turkey and wins
Part 2: Bulgaria attacks Serbia and Greece but is then attacked by Turkey and Rumania and loses
Impact
Russia: aided the Balkan League and opposed Bulgaria
France: urged restraint on Russia
Britain: aided Greece and Bulgaria
Austria: decided to stay out of it after Germany refused to help
Germany: wanted to create a large Bulgaria loyal to the Central Powers
Turkey: lost almost all its European territory