1. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 4 Rights and Responsibilities Section 1:The Bill of Rights The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights Section 2:Guaranteeing Other Rights Guaranteeing Other RightsGuaranteeing Other Rights Section 3:Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities Citizens’ Duties and ResponsibilitiesCitizens’ Duties and Responsibilities Quiz 11/23 Review & Test 12/4

2. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 The Main Idea The freedoms spelled out in the Bill of Rights—the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and petition, and the right to a speedy and fair trial—are essential to our democratic system. Reading Focus   Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?   How does the First Amendment protect personal freedoms?   What other rights does the Bill of Rights guarantee? Section 1: The Bill of Rights

3. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 The Bill of Rights  Americans wanted their rights written into the Constitution.  Several states recommended that a bill of rights be drafted upon ratification of the Constitution.  1791—The Bill of Rights became part of the Constitution. Section 1: The Bill of Rights 1 st 10 amendments to the Constitution, which set forth basic rights guaranteed to all Americans

4. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 The Main Idea The freedoms spelled out in the Bill of Rights—the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and petition, and the right to a speedy and fair trial—are essential to our democratic system. Reading Focus   Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?   How does the First Amendment protect personal freedoms?   What other rights does the Bill of Rights guarantee? Section 1: The Bill of Rights

5. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 The First Amendment protects personal freedoms.  Freedom of religion  Freedom of speech  Freedom of the press  Freedom of assembly  Freedom of petition Section 1: The Bill of Rights Freedom to choose any religion or no religion at all

6. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Freedom of Religion “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,”  Separation of Church & State- Division between government and religion Several of the original colonies were established by settlers seeking religious freedom. Key supreme court decisions have interpreted the Constitution as requiring a strict separation of church & state

7. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Freedom of Speech “Congress shall make no law... abridging (limiting) the freedom of speech.”  Can criticize government officials  Not an absolute freedom  Clear and present danger  The government can prevent an act of free speech if it is linked to an unlawful act Can deliver a speech in public Can criticize the actions of your neighbor

8. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Freedom of the Press  The right to express one’s ideas and opinions in writing  Press includes  Electronic Media  Books & other written materials  TV & Radio  Libel  Rumors that damage a person’s reputation  Lies that may harm another person  Americans do not have this right “Congress shall make no law... Abridging the freedom... of the press.”

9. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 Freedom of Assembly “Congress shall make no law... abridging...the right of the people peaceably to assemble.”  Can attend public meetings

10. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Freedom of Petition “Congress shall make no law... abridging... the right of the people... to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” You have the right to ask the government to address your concerns.

11. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition People may not use freedom of speech to cause panic People may not write falsehoods that damage a person’s reputation (libel) Assemblies must be peaceful.

12. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 The Main Idea The freedoms spelled out in the Bill of Rights—the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and petition, and the right to a speedy and fair trial—are essential to our democratic system. Reading Focus   Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?   How does the First Amendment protect personal freedoms?   What other rights does the Bill of Rights guarantee? Section 1: The Bill of Rights

13. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Other rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights include:  Second—Right to bear arms  Fourth—Protection from unreasonable search and seizure of private property  Fifth—Right to a fair trial and due process of law; right to own property  Sixth—Right of the accused to a have a lawyer  Eighth—Forbids cruel and unusual punishment  Ninth—States that not all rights are listed in the Constitution Section 1: The Bill of Rights (counsel) An example of

14. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 2 nd Amendment- The Right to Bear Arms To ensure that state militias would continue as an armed means of defense and to ensure that individual citizens had a right to own a firearm  In the 1790s big national armies were not trusted & much of the Rev. War fighting had been done by the state militias. These same militias also defended against attacks from Indians.  Today, the language of the Second Amendment is frequently the source of heated debate.

15. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Third Amendment  prohibits the quartering of soldiers without permission.  Why? British soldiers could enter homes and force colonists to quarter them, or to give them housing and food No

16. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Rights of the Accused (4 th -8 th )  protect citizens from abuses in the criminal justice system  establish codes of conduct for the police and the courts  Some of our most cherished legal protections

17. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Fourth Amendment  protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures  In many cases, a search is considered reasonable only if a judge issues a warrant authorizing it.  A search warrant is a legal document that describes the place to be searched and the people or items to be seized  issued only if there is good reason to believe that evidence of a crime will be found  Under some circumstances, however, police officers are allowed to conduct searches without a warrant.  danger to public safety  Criminal activity is involved

18. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18

19. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 The Main Idea The freedoms spelled out in the Bill of Rights—the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and petition, and the right to a speedy and fair trial—are essential to our democratic system. Reading Focus   Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?   How does the First Amendment protect personal freedoms?   What other rights does the Bill of Rights guarantee? Section 1: The Bill of Rights

20. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20 Fifth Amendment  Before a person can be tried for a serious crime  grand jury must indict-- formally accuse  decides if there is enough evidence to go to trial  protects an accused person from hasty government action  self-incrimination-- having to testify against oneself Continued…

21. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 Fifth Amendment Continued  double jeopardy-- being tried twice for the same crime  no person can be denied life, liberty, or property without due process of law  person cannot be punished for a crime until the law has been fairly applied  our government must act within the law Continued…. Continued….

22. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22 Fifth Amendment Continued “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”  the government cannot take private property without giving the owner fair payment for it  it does give the government the right of eminent domain, the power to take private property for public use  allows government officials to force property owners to sell their land to the government at what is determined to be a fair price

23. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23 Sixth Amendment  Provides that a person accused of a crime has the right to a prompt and public trial decided by a jury  People accused of a crime must be informed of the charges against them  The right to hear and question all witnesses against them, and to have their own witnesses testify as well  The right to an attorney If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer one will be provided by the courts

24. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24 Seventh Amendment provides for a trial by jury in certain kinds of cases involving money or property

25. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25 Eighth Amendment  To ensure that people accused of crimes appear for trial, judges can order them to pay bail  Bail is money or property that the accused gives the court to hold.  the person is released from jail  get the money back is to show up for trial.  the courts cannot set excessive bail.  forbids cruel and unusual punishment. As a guarantee that he or she will appear for trial

26. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON26 Rights of States and Citizens (9 & 10) To ensure that Americans would enjoy other rights and freedoms not mentioned in the Bill of Rights  Ninth Amendment-- implies that Americans enjoy basic rights not listed in the Constitution.  Tenth Amendment– deals with powers not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution nor forbidden to the states by the Constitution  These powers belong either to the states or to the people Reserved powers of the states

27. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON27 right to bear arms no forced quartering of troops no unreasonable searches and seizures A judge may issue a search warrant if there is reason to believe that evidence of a crime may be found

28. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON28 requires indictment, a grand jury, and due process of law for accused person; protects from self-incrimination and double jeopardy; guarantees right to property an accused person has a right to a prompt, public trial, to be informed of charges, to hear and question witnesses, and to have a lawyer The government may take citizens’ prop- erty for the public good and with just compensation.

29. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON29 provides for a trial by jury in some cases involving money or property requires reasonable bail and forbids “cruel and unusual” punishment The people have other basic rights not listed in the Constitution All powers not expressly given to the federal government nor forbidden to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people

30. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON30 The Bill of Rights Separation of church and state The inclusion of rights not specifically listed in the Constitution Freedom of the pressFreedom of speech Freedom of petitionFreedom of assembly No quartering of soldiersThe right to bear arms Protection for those accused Protection from unreasonable search and seizure Question: What rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights? Section 1

31. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON31 The Main Idea Other amendments to the Constitution expanded the civil rights of Americans. Reading Focus   How did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments extend civil rights?   Which amendments extended Americans’ voting rights? Section 2:Guaranteeing Other Rights

32. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON32 Civil Rights  The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States in1865.  The Fourteenth Amendment granted full citizenship to African Americans in 1868 and protected citizens against unfair actions by state governments. Section 2:Guaranteeing Other Rights Rights guaranteed to all U.S. citizens

33. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON33 Fourteenth Amendment  granted full citizenship to African Americans  declared that no state could take away a citizen’s “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”

34. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON34 civil rights Fourteenth Amendment Thirteenth Amendment Civil War

35. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON35 The Main Idea Other amendments to the Constitution expanded the civil rights of Americans. Reading Focus   How did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments extend civil rights?   Which amendments extended Americans’ voting rights? Section 2:Guaranteeing Other Rights

36. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON36 Amendments Extend Voting Rights  Voting is one of the most basic principles of citizenship  the Constitution mentioned nothing about voting rights.  Between 1870 and 1971, a series of six constitutional amendments extended suffrage, the right to vote, to all U.S. citizens Our democratic system

37. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON37 Fifteenth Amendment  no one could be denied suffrage because of race or color  applied only to African American men  Many former Confederate states passed laws to keep African Americans from voting

38. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON38 Seventeenth Amendment  Under Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, citizens of each state did not elect their senators. Instead, each state’s legislature elected that state’s senators  direct election of senators  senators answerable to the voters and not to other politicians.

39. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON39 Nineteenth Amendment  gave all women the right to vote  Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the women’s suffrage movement

40. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON40 Voting Rights  1870 – The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed the right to vote to African American men.  1913 – The Seventeenth Amendment gave voters power to elect their senators.  1920 – The Nineteenth Amendment granted suffrage to women. Section 2:Guaranteeing Other Rights Extending voting rights to include more groups of citizens has made the U.S. more democratic

41. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON41 Voting Rights (continued)  1961 – The Twenty-third Amendment gave citizens of Washington, D.C., the right to vote for president and vice president.  1964 – The Twenty-fourth Amendment forbade poll taxes.  1971 – The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowered the voting age to 18. Section 2:Guaranteeing Other Rights Special tax that had to be paid in order to vote District of Columbia

42. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON42 Section 2 Question: Which amendments extended Americans’ voting rights? Fifteenth Amendment Seventeenth Amendment Nineteenth AmendmentTwenty-third Amendment Twenty-fourth Amendment Twenty-sixth Amendment Amendments that Extended Voting Rights

43. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON43 Fifteenth Amendment Seventeenth Amendment suffrage president and vice president poll tax Twenty-sixth Amendment Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Carrie Chapman Catt

44. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON44 The Main Idea Along with the rights and freedoms of U.S. citizenship come important duties and responsibilities. Reading Focus   What are the duties of citizenship?   What are the responsibilities of citizenship? Section 3:Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities

45. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON45

46. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON46 Duties of citizenship:  Obeying the law  Attending school  Paying taxes  Serving in the armed forces  Appearing in court Section 3:Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities Ignorance of the law excuses no one Draft- requires men to serve in the military Jury Duty

47. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON47 Obeying the Law  It is your duty to know the Laws Attending School  Mandatory until age 16  Educated Citizens

48. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON48 Paying Taxes  Income, sales, property, and more taxes  Taxes provide money to the government in turn the government  operates  Provides services  National security and defense

49. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON49 Serving in the Armed Forces  Volunteers  When the country has needed huge numbers of soldiers, it sometimes has had to establish a draft.  Draft laws (conscription)– require men of certain ages and qualifications to serve in the military  18yr old men must register with the selective service  Americans not fighting still participate  Food and goods are rationed (limited by law) at times  Pick up the slack at home A certain amount of a certain item per household

50. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON50 Appearing in Court  Citizens must report to serve as members of a jury (Jury Duty)  Citizens must also testify in court if called as a witness.

51. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON51 Guided Reading Questions C D B

52. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON52 The Main Idea Along with the rights and freedoms of U.S. citizenship come important duties and responsibilities. Reading Focus   What are the duties of citizenship?   What are the responsibilities of citizenship? Section 3:Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities

53. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON53 Responsibilities of Citizenship  Voting  Being informed  Taking part in government  Helping your community  Respecting and protecting others’ rights Section 3:Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities

54. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON54Voting Our government is based on the consent of the governed.  If you do not vote, you leave the decision to others  Let your legislators know when we approve or disapprove of their actions

55. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON55 Being Informed  Be informed of candidates, current events, and key issues. Taking Part in Government  Political Parties  Be a leader  Educate others  Run for office

56. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON56 Helping Your Community  Volunteer Respecting & Protecting Other’s Rights  Know your own rights  Help protect the rights of others

57. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON57 Question: What are the responsibilities of citizenship? Section 3 Responsibilities of Citizenship being informed taking part in government voting respecting others’ rights helping the community

58. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON58 A B A A B

59. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON59 Chapter 4 Wrap-Up 1.Which amendments focus on the rights of people accused of crimes? What rights do these amendments guarantee? 2.Why was the Ninth Amendment included in the Bill of Rights? 3.How did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments extend the civil rights of Americans? 4.How have voting rights been expanded through constitutional amendments? 5.What are the duties of citizenship? 6.What are the responsibilities of citizenship? 1.Which amendments focus on the rights of people accused of crimes? What rights do these amendments guarantee? 2.Why was the Ninth Amendment included in the Bill of Rights? 3.How did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments extend the civil rights of Americans? 4.How have voting rights been expanded through constitutional amendments? 5.What are the duties of citizenship? 6.What are the responsibilities of citizenship?