1. A Poetry Review Important Literary Terms

2. “Poetry is the best words in the best order.” Samuel Coleridge Table Talk, July 12, 1827

3. Poetry Terms

4. Metaphor A figure of speech in which a term is transferred from the object it ordinarily designates to an object it may designate only by implicit comparison or analogy, as in the phrase “evening of life.”

5. What is my teacher talking about??

6. Would you like to make it simpler? A metaphor is simply calling something SOMETHING ELSE! Here are some examples:

7. This class is a three-ring circus! Her hair is silk. His steps were thunder, revealing the storm of his anger.

8. William Wordsworth Lyrical Ballads, Preface “Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge.”

9. “The Road Not Taken” Robert Frost “Two roads diverged in a wood, and I – I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.”

10. “Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions” John Donne “No man is an island, entire of itself. Every man is a piece of the Continent, a part of the main.”

11. As You Like It Jacques, Act II, Scene vii William Shakespeare “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”

12. “Birches” Robert Frost “It’s when I’m weary of considerations, And life is too much like a pathless wood Where your face burns and tickles with the cobwebs Broken across it…”

13. Nathaniel Hawthorne “Happiness is a butterfly, which when pursued, is always beyond our grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you.”

14. Can you think of your own? 1.Her strength is _____. 2.The fire is _____. 3.Mom’s cookies are _____. 4.The fallen snow is _____. 5.The ocean is a _____.

15. Simile A figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually using “like” or “as.”

16. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” William Wordsworth “I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils.”

17. King Henry IV William Shakespeare “Then join you with them, like a rib of steel, To make strength stronger;”

18. Romeo and Juliet Juliet, Act II, Scene ii William Shakespeare “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other word would smell as sweet.”

19. King Lear Lear, Act I, Scene iv William Shakespeare “How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is To have a thankless child!”

20. “Harlem” Langston Hughes What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore – And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over – like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

21. “The Tell-Tale Heart” Edgar Allan Poe “So I opened it – you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily – until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and full upon the vulture eye.”

22. Can you think of your own? 1.He’s as tall as _____. 2.She sings like _____. 3.The weather is as hot as _____. 4.She dances like _____. 5.He works as hard as _____.

23. Use a metaphor OR a simile to describe this child.

24. Use a metaphor OR a simile to describe this bear.

25. Personification Giving an inanimate object or idea the characteristics of an animate object.

26. “The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls” Henry Wadsworth Longfellow “The little waves, with their soft, white hands, Efface the footprints in the sands,”

27. “Because I Could Not Stop For Death” Emily Dickinson “Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me – The Carriage held but just Ourselves – And Immortality.”

28. “Mirror” Sylvia Plath “I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see I swallow immediately.”

29. Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed;”

30. “Sea Lullaby” by Elinor Wylie The old moon is tarnished With smoke of the flood. The dead leaves are tarnished With colour like blood. A treacherous smiler With teeth white as milk. A savage beguiler In sheathings of silk.

31. The sea creeps to pillage She leaps on her prey; A child of the village Was murdered today. She came up to meet him. In a smooth golden cloak, She choked him and beat him To death, for a joke. Her bright locks were tangled, She shouted for joy, With one hand she strangled A strong little boy Now in silence she lingers Beside him all night To wash her long fingers In silvery light.

32. What can the moon and stars DO? Give them human qualities.

33. What can a camera or pictures DO? Use personification!

34. Alliteration Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginning of a word or within words. Used to create melody and mood.

35. William Cowper The Task, Book 2, “The Timepiece” “There is a pleasure in poetic pains Which only poets know.”

36. “Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the Garbage Out” “Greasy napkins, cookie crumbs, Globs of gooey bubble gum.”

37. “Upon Julia’s Voice” Robert Herrick (1591-1674) “So smooth, so sweet, so silv’ry is thy voice”

38. The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne “It irks me…that the partner of her iniquity should not, at least, stand on the scaffold by her side.”

39. Write a sentence using alliteration.

40. Use alliteration again…

41. Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds.

42. “The Eagle” Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) “He clasps the crag with crooked hands; Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ringed with the azure world, he stands.”

43. Use assonance to describe music.

44. Hyperbole An exaggerated statement used to heighten dramatic effect. Not to be taken literally.

45. Have you ever heard your mom say… “If I’ve told you once, I’ve told you a thousand times…clean up your room!”

46. Have you ever heard someone say… “Oh my goodness! I weigh a TON!”

47. “A Hillside Thaw” Robert Frost “…the sun lets go Ten million silver lizards out of snow!”

48. “Casey at the Bat” Ernest Thayer “Kill him! Kill the umpire!” shouted someone from the stand; And it’s likely they’d have killed him had not Casey raised his hand.

49. Write your own hyperbole about this singer. How about…I could listen to her sing for hours!

50. Onomatopoeia The suggestion of a particular sound by means of a word which makes the sound. The natural sound of a word.

51. Splash!

52. Buzz!

53. The Tempest, Act I: scene ii William Shakespeare (1564-1616) “Hark, hark! Bow-wow The watch-dogs bark! Bow-wow”

54. What sounds are suggested by these breakfast items? Use onomatopoeia!

55. Irony The difference between what is expected or what appears to be, and what actually is.

56. Verbal Irony The difference between what is said, and what is meant.

57. Situational Irony An event/happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended.

58. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” Samuel Taylor Coleridge “Water, water, everywhere Nor any drop to drink.”

59. Dramatic Irony When the audience or reader knows more than the character knows.

60. The audience sees a deeper meaning in the characters’ lines.

61. Imagery Concrete details that appeal to the senses. By using specific images, authors establish mood and arouse emotion.

62. The Five Senses Sight Sound Touch Taste Smell

63. “An Indian Summer Day on the Prairie” Vachel Landsay “The sun is red, red joy.”

64. “The Pit and the Pendulum” Edgar Allan Poe “At the same time, my forehead seemed bathed in a clammy vapor, and the peculiar smell of decayed fungus arose to my nostrils.”

65. What comes to mind when you read this poem? “The Red Wheelbarrow” William Carlos Williams so much depends upon a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens.

66. What comes to mind when you read this poem? “In a Station of the Metro” Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. IN A STATION OF THE METRO.

67. “Oranges” Gary Soto The first time I walked With a girl, I was twelve, Cold, and weighed down With two oranges in my jacket. December. Frost cracking Beneath my steps, my breath Before me, then gone,

68. Use imagery to describe this scene. Imagery appeals to the senses…sight, sound, taste, smell, and feel. Imagery establishes mood and arouses emotion.

69. Symbol A person, place, event, or object which has meaning in and of itself, but suggests other meanings as well.

70. “Barbara Allan” Unknown “From his heart grew a grew a red, red rose,” red, red rose,”

71. Sunflowers symbolize ______.

72. The U.S. flag symbolizes ______.

73. Fireworks symbolize ______.

74. Folded hands symbolize ______.

75. End Rhyme Rhyming words that come at the end of lines of poetry.

76. MacBeth Three Witches, Act IV, Scene I William Shakespeare “Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble.”

77. “Twas the Night Before Christmas” Major Henry Livingston, Jr (1748-1828) (previously believed to be by Clement Clarke Moore) “’Twas the night before Christmas when all through the house Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse; The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, In hopes that St. Nicolas soon would be there;”

78. Internal Rhyme Rhyme that occurs within a line of verse.

79. Dylan Thomas “…the grains beyond age, the dark veins of her mother.”

80. “The Cloud” Percy Bysshe Shelley “I am the daughter of Earth and water, and the nursling of the Sky; I pass through pores of oceans and shores; I change, but I cannot die.”

81. Stanza A division of a poem containing one or more lines, separated by spacing from other parts of the poem. A poem paragraph. A “chunk” of poetry.

82. “Dreams” Langston Hughes Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. How many stanzas are in this poem? What are the two metaphors in this poem?

83. Refrain Repeating of one or more phrases at different and/or regular intervals. Like the chorus of a song.

84. “Jingle bells, jingle bells, Jingle all the way Oh, what fun it is to ride In a one-horse open sleigh.”

85. Repetition Repetition of a word, phrase, or sound.

86. “My People” Langston Hughes The night is beautiful, So the faces of my people, The stars are beautiful, So the eyes of my people, Beautiful also is the sun, Beautiful also are the souls of my people.

87. Hamlet Act II, Scene ii William Shakespeare “What do you read, my lord? Words, words, words!”

88. “The Raven” Edgar Allan Poe Quoth the Raven, “Nevermore.” With such name as “Nevermore.” Then the bird said, “Nevermore.”

89. “Do not go gentle into that good night” Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

90. “Charge of the Light Brigade” Alfred Lord Tennyson “Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them Volleyed and thundered;”

91. “The Bells” Edgar Allan Poe To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells From the bells, bells, bells, bells, Bells, bells, bells- From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells.

92. Foreshadowing Clues given by the author to show what will happen in a story.

93. “The Most Dangerous Game” Robert Connell “Sailors have a curious dread of the place.”

94. Websites http://coe.west.asu.edu/students/stennille/ST3/poetrywq.htm http://webtech.kennesaw.edu/khamilton/wquest.htm http://washlee.arlington.k12.va.us/staff/english/saharric/Poetry/poetryhome.html http://devotion.brookline.mec.edu/Webquest/Adele’s%20page/poetrywebquest2.htm http://www.wallowa.k12.or.us/wallowa/poetry/poetry.html http://www.more.net/lists/emints/2001.01 http://tli.jefferson.k12.ky.us/EDTD675Projects/cathy/PoetryWQ/poetry.htm

95. Henry David Thoreau October 1, 1856 “We do not enjoy poetry unless we know it to be poetry.”