1. Main Points: Generally, the HIGHER the birth rate the less developed a country is! –Niger = (Birth Rate: 53 per 1000 people) (GNP per capita: $220) Generally, the LOWER the birth rate the more developed a country is! Japan = (Birth Rate: 10 per 1000 people) (GNP per capita : $39 640)

2. Main Points: Death rate patterns reflect the same as Birth Rate, that is: Higher the death rate the less developed, while the lower the death rate the more developed.

3. Main Points: The HIGHER the Rate of Natural Increase, the LOWER the level of economic development. The LOWER the Rate of Natural Increase, the HIGHER the level of economic development.

4. Main Points: Global patterns in Rate of Natural Increase. –The Less-developed regions (Africa, Asia and Latin America) have the highest rate of Natural Increase. –The Most-developed regions of the world (Europe and North America) have the LOWEST rates of Natural Increase.

5. Factors Causing High Birth Rates  Lack of acceptability, availability and/or affordability of birth control  Low education levels/literacy levels  Low status of women  Women marrying at a young age  Peer pressure to have children  Society valuing large families.  Limited access to health care, especially for women.  High infant mortality rate

6. Factors Causing Low Birth Rates  Acceptability, availability and/or affordability of birth control  High education levels/literacy levels  High status of women  Women marrying at older ages  Socially acceptable for adults to NOT have children  Small families being the societal norm.  Good access to health care, especially for women.  Low infant mortality rate

7. China China has a LOW BIRH RATE for a number of reasons; –Pressure from fellow workers to have more than one child. –Birth control, including abortions is available and acceptable. –Reasonably high education levels –Women are accepted as equal or close to equal to men. –Women don’t get married until 22 (Average) –Social expectation is to have only one child. –Health care is available and quite good. Low infant mortality rate.

8. India India has a relatively HIGH Birth Rate –Birth control is not readily available –Low education levels (Bulsara is illiterate, children only receive a few years of schooling) –Women are not considered equal to men –Young average age of marriage (19) –Social expectation is to have many children (Bulsara has 4 children and is pregnant again) –Health care is not readily available (One doctor for five villages, she is intimidated by the doctor)) –High infant mortality rate

9. Mali Has a Very High Birth Rate –Birth control is expensive (more permanent forms can cost as much as ½ years wages) –Birth control is not readily available (Family- planning clinic is 1 hour away, husband’s permission is required) –Education levels are very low (Females do not receive formal education) –Women are not considered as being equal to men (I.e polygamy is practiced, women don’t get an education) –A very average marrying age of 16 years old. –Socially acceptable and expected to have many children (9 children) –Health care is not readily available –High infant mortality rate (Tinga Sow had two children die in infancy)

10. Factors Causing High Death Rates Limited access to health care Low levels of education High infant mortality rate High prevalence of AIDS High prevalence of natural disasters (i.e. earthquakes), and other environmental factors. High level of substance abuse (i.e. alcoholism) Harsh climate Poor diet (i.e. lack of nutrients in diet, insufficient food)

11. Factors Causing Low Death Rates Good access to health care High levels of education Low infant mortality rate Low prevalence of AIDS Low prevalence of natural disasters (i.e. earthquakes), and other environmental factors. Low level of substance abuse (i.e. alcoholism) Moderate climate Good diet (i.e. lack of nutrients in diet, insufficient food)

12. Russia Russia has a relatively HIGH death rate. –Health care system falling apart. (higher infant mortality etc.) –Increasing rates of alcohol abuse and smoking –Northern regions have a cold and depressing climate –Due to lower wages etc,. More people eat poorly (especially men) –High levels of environmental contaminates such as toxic waste, pesticides, and radiation.

13. Absolute Population Growth Current Population – Previous Population Example: Canada’s Population 19762007 25 000 00033 000 000 APG = 33 000 000 – 25 000 000 = 8 000 000

14. Annual Growth Rate Population Change ÷Original Population X 100 ÷ Number of years for change to occur Example: Canada’s Population 19762007 25 000 00033 000 000 AGR = 8 000 000 ÷ 25 000 000 X 100 ÷ 31

15. Calculate the: a) Absolute Population Growth b) Annual Growth Rate Country “X” Total Population 1983 Total Population 2007 62 987 65474 786 231

16. World Population Growth Page 305, Figure 18.6 1. What year did the world’s population reach; a)1 billion? b)2 billion? c)4 billion? d)8 billion?

17. World Population Growth Page 305, Figure 18.6 2. Calculate the number of years it took for the world’s total population to double from; a)1 to 2 billion? b)2 to 4 billion? c)4 to 8 billion?

18. World Population Growth Page 305, Figure 18.6 3. What pattern do you see in the time it took for the world’s population to increase by 1 billion people? 4. Why did the world’s population growth rate change starting in around 1900? 5. How is the world’s population growth rate going to change in the future? Why?

19. The Impact of High Populations on the Earth? Who will have the greatest negative impact on earth, a baby born in a developing country or one born in a developed country? Let’s see!

20. Baby #1 Born in Canada Baby #2 Born in Niger, Africa Make a list of things the baby will buy up to it’s 20 th birthday. Make a list of things the baby will buy up to it’s 20 th birthday

21. The Impact of Overpopulation Page 309, Figure 18.9 Choose one problem from each of the categories from Fig. 18.9 and state why overpopulation would contribute to each one.

22. Example: Food Shortages, Famine A country has only a limited amount of agricultural land. If the population of a country grows too fast it will place a strain on the amount of food available in any given year, it may also lead to overuse of the soil. In both cases the result may be FAMINE!