1. ICNS April 2016. Aeronautical Situational Awareness - Airport Surface February 10, 2016 Vladimir Linetsky, Vantage Partners, LCC Will Ivancic, NASA Glenn Research Center Karl Vaden, NASA Glenn Research Center

2. ICNS April 2016. Outline 1 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE DESIGN METHODOLOGY GOALS STAKEHOLDERS (WHO) INFORMATION DEFINIITION IMPLEMENTATION DEFINITION CONCLUSIONS

3. ICNS April 2016. Introduction 2 The air transportation community is continually looking to improve the safety and efficiency of the Global Airspace System NextGen is an Air Traffic Control modernization program, which uses sophisticated technologies and new flight procedures to reduce flight delays, flight times and aircraft fuel burn/emissions. SESAR is a collaborative project to completely overhaul European airspace and its air traffic management (ATM) system. NASA’s Airspace Operations and Safety Program (AOSP) researches and creates technologies to help NextGen

4. ICNS April 2016. Purpose 3 Advocates for a specific design approach, based on simple principals. Addresses challenges faced by the system engineers when designing complex data and information infrastructure. The document provides guidance for identifying the key work elements in the overall network architecture design. This framework can be utilized with any network- centric architecture

5. ICNS April 2016. Design Methodology 4

6. ICNS April 2016. Design Methodology 5 What identifies the main problem a proposed system has to address. A clearly identified problem determines the main purpose of the system of interest. What to be or what not to be; are both important questions. Who identifies the major stakeholders interested in such a system. Establishes the hierarchy and relationships between stakeholders information sharing and Inter-category relationships How establishes common data definitions and requirements, processes and procedures necessary to effectively and efficiently transporting data from a data producer to a data consumer Information Definition deals with identification of what data and information is flowing within the system, its characteristics, requirements and direction. Implementation Definition determines the right technologies and means to deliver and exchange data.

7. ICNS April 2016. Goal 6 Develop an architecture that enables and provides Aeronautical Situational Awareness - particularly as it relates to the airport surface It is necessary to think in terms of the Global Deployment and Global Scalability for items such as Radio access transparency, QOS Network traversal (particularly with regards to aircraft roaming), Information access.

8. ICNS April 2016. Framework for Designing a Network-Centric Communication Architecture 7

9. ICNS April 2016. Information Requirements 8 Delay sensitive (e.g. voice, command and control) Delay tolerant (e.g. file transfers) Bandwidth sensitive (bandwidth hogs) Mission-critical (priority) Authenticity – the ability to prove that some particular information came from one and only one source and is unaltered. Confidentiality – the ability to only allow those consumers with proper credentials to comprehend the meaning of the information. Note, others may receive or see the data, but are unable to comprehend the information contained within the received data.

10. ICNS April 2016. Information Types 9 Radar Video Surveillance Vehicle positioning information Weather: may be in many forms – from high resolution 3D graphics to simple text Software and Database Loading including updated onboard entertainment systems Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) messages: short messages between aircraft and ground stations Aeronautical Operational Control Airline Administrative Control Mechanical Systems Data System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Food and Catering Entertainment

11. ICNS April 2016. Information Producers 10 Vehicle performance and maintenance Aircraft flight operations Pilots Airline flight operations Sensors Vehicle Tracking Airport Rescue and Fire Fighers SWIM

12. ICNS April 2016. Information Consumers 11 Vehicle performance and maintenance Airline Operations Centers Airport Operations Tower Controllers SWIM Pilots and air crew Airport and Local Security Medical and First Responders including airport rescue and fire fighters

13. ICNS April 2016. Implementation Definition 12 Stakeholders Seamless Global Access Seamless Billing Manageable Service Agreements QoS Scalable Seamless Management Seamless Roaming “Seamless” implies machine-to-machine communications without human intervention.

14. ICNS April 2016. Able List 13 Adaptable, Affordable, Deployable, Evolvable, Global(able), Maintainable, Manageable, Reliable, Scalable, and Securable

15. ICNS April 2016. Wireless Technologies 14 WiFi Meets all aspects of the “Able List” Technology evolved from 1 Mbps to 1.3 Gbps in 10 to 12 years. WiMAX and AeroMACS Being deployed in local settings. No infrastructure in place for Global roaming WiMAX has greater flexibility (power and bandwith) and continues to evolve relative to AeroMACS AeroMACS shares frequency band with pre-existing services Limits transmit power due to interference considerations. Long Term Evolution (LTE) Has much of this infrastructure in place globally. Large operators are deploying LTE because it is compatible in many aspects with existing 2G/3G infrastructure Global roaming, seamless billing, QoS management, etc…

16. ICNS April 2016. Summary 15 The proposed framework tries to address the problem of designing and building an effective data infrastructure and information system The framework is abstract enough to be applied anywhere, an effective data and information system is required. During implementation definition phase, the various stakeholders’ CONOPS must be considered along with the system requirements. New technologies may also be considered for deployment; In order for such technologies to be viable, they MUST meet all the requirements of the ``Able List''..