1. Chapter Nine Rejecting Tobacco Use

2. Tobacco Use in American Society 34% of adults (over 18) are smoking [1998] More men than women College grads are starting to smoke at same level of non-grads [1998]

3. Tobacco Industry Under Fire Tobacco industry must reimburse $246 billion over 25 years to Medicaid [1998] Must stop advertisement directed at children Fund anti-smoking education program

4. Tobacco Industry Under Fire (cont’d) Evidence of addiction and life reduction valid Cigar usage has dropped over the past few years

5. Dependence Upon Tobacco Products Half of all smokers have either a physical or psychological dependence –Psychological factor nicotine  ACTH  beta endorphins –Psychosocial factor modeling manipulation advertising

6. Tobacco Active Components Particulate = nicotine, water, tar (small particles) Gaseous = carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, etc.

7. Illness & Premature Death Due to Tobacco Use Cardiovascular disease (nicotine and carbon monoxide related) Cancer (30% of all cancer cases related to tobacco use) –lung, mouth, throat cancers Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) Premature skin wrinkles

8. Illness & Premature Death Due to Tobacco Use (cont’d) Strokes Osteoporosis Muscle injury/back pain

9. Smoking and Reproduction Infertility Pregnancy problems Breastfeeding concerns Higher chances of SIDS and ADD Use of contraception with smoking increases risk factors for CHD

10. Smokeless Tobacco Not burned, placed in mouth Chemicals absorbed through mucous membranes Risks: leukoplakia, erythroplakia, periodontal disease, cancer of digestive tract and mouth

11. Passive Smoke Mainstream smoke = smoke inhaled/exhaled by smoker (15% exposure to non-smoker) Sidestream = smoke from the burning product (85% exposure to non-smoker) Environmental = smoke from either method diluted by the air Partners of smokers are 3 x’s higher for CAD and 30% higher risk for lung cancer

12. Stopping/Quitting Cold turkey Cessation programs Nicorette gum Nicoderm patch Anti-depressant medication

13. Chapter Nine Rejecting Tobacco Use