1. UNIT 1 M ATTER D AY 6 S EPTEMBER 8, 2016 Matter and Its Properties Earth and Environmental Science

2. NO S CIENCE STARTER TODAY : **Place your specific heat homework in the box on the front lab table.

3. M ATTER Plan for today: 1. E. Q. 2. Back to station labs for observing physical properties of matter 4. Wrap-up

4. No new E.Q. today. Essential Question- How do physical properties make different substances useful for different purposes?

5. Homework: 1. Finish Workbook pages: New wkbk: 67-73 (due by Friday) Old wkbk: 65,68-73 (due by Friday) 2. Notes filled in on your graphic organizer

6. Today’s “Cooperative Group Roles”: 1’s- Safety Director/Timekeeper 2’s – Group Leader 3’s – Materials Manager 4’s – Technical Manager **Materials Manager: Take the cards from the bucket and hand them to the appropriate group member. Each member needs to quickly read over your role for today’s activity.

7. Station Lab instructions… Station 6 –chromebooks-on my useful links page Station 8 – chromebooks – on my class documents page- today’s powerpoint Take out your graphic organizer from Friday and add details to it when you are doing station 8 work. Station 9 – work on homework

8. Specific Heat Lab C ONCLUSION : _____________ HAD A HIGHER SPECIFIC HEAT THAN _______________ BECAUSE IT HEATED UP MORE SLOWLY ( TOOK LONGER TO ABSORB ENERGY - HEAT ) AND COOLED DOWN MORE SLOWLY ( WAS SLOWER TO RELEASE ENERGY - HEAT ).

9. Let’s get back to stations. We need to finish these today so we can review.

11. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER 3. Mass: (back to your notes) Def. the amount of matter that something is made of. A.D. Tool is a triple beam balance or a scale. A.D. Unit is grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

12. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER 4. Volume : (there is another slide; write small on your vocab. sheet) Def. the amount of space an object takes up. A.D. – - Use the formula: LxWxH for a regular solid L(cm) x W(cm)x H(cm) = ______cm³ (centimeters cubed is the unit) *Don’t copy this (but DO remember it) -ALWAYS USE CENTIMETERS IN SCIENCE!!!!

13. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER 5. Volume : (cont.) A.D. For Liquids, use a graduated cylinder; unit is mL (milliliters) A.D. For irregular solids, use a grad. cylinder and water displacement; unit is cm³

14. Measuring the Volume of Liquids: How to calculate: Use a graduated cylinder to find the volume at the meniscus. Material: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask How to read a graduated cylinder Must be at eye level to read. Must read at bottom of the curve Must read at bottom of the curve. MENISCUS - bottom of the curve. Unit: mL or L for liquids or cm ³ for solids

15. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids: Water displacement. Put water into a graduated cylinder and record volume. Place irregular solid into cylinder with water and record second volume. Subtract the two amounts. Initial volume (water only) – volume with irregular solid = volume of solid UNIT: water measured in mL, but since it is a solid object you’re Measuring, use cm 3. 1 mL = 1 cm 3

16. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Water Displacement

17. W HICH OBJECT HAS GREATER MASS? E XPLAIN. W HICH OBJECT HAS GREATER VOLUME? E XPLAIN.

18. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER 5. Density: (more on the next slide- It’s okay if you put some additional details in the definition box.) Def: the amount of matter in a given amount of space or volume. A.D. all matter has its own unique density

19. M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER A.D. Formula - Density = Mass/Volume m (g) D = ------- V (mL or cm³) A.D. Unit for density is g/mL or g/cm 3. A.D. Density of water is 1g/cm³ (anything with a higher density will sink in water; anything with a lower density will float) D m V A.D. fill this in on your notes

20. W HICH HAS THE GREATER DENSITY ? Greater density Greater density/blue layer Greater density

21. Calculate the density for the following objects: a. Mass= 10 Volume= 5 b. Mass= 16 Volume= 8 c. Mass= 5 Volume= 10 d. Mass= 12 Volume= 12 Which object is water? Which object(s) will float in water? Which objects(s) will sink in water? 2g/cm³ 2g/cm 3 0.5g/cm 3 sinker floater water 1 g/cm³

22. R EMEMBER THIS : It does NOT matter how much you have of a substance; its density will always be the same. Ex. Water has a density of 1 g/cm³. If you have a teaspoon of water, its density will still be 1 g/cm³. If you have a liter of water, its density will still be 1 g/cm³. Every pure substance has its own UNIQUE density that does not change even if the amount of it changes!

23. D ENSITY L AB P ART 2– REGULAR S OLID MaterialDensity (g/cm3) Copper9.3 Brass8.7 Steel7.6 Aluminum2.8 Acrylic1.2 Oak0.60 - 0.90 Nylon1.15 Pine0.35 - 0.60 Poplar0.35 - 0.50 PVC1.35

24. 2. P HYSICAL P ROPERT Y Def. – characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing a substance’s identity. A.D. Ex. -color, mass, length, volume, density, state of matter, smell, texture, etc.

25. M EASURABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Weight: is the measure of how gravity is pulling on an object (mass). Gravity is less on the MOON!!! On earth, we just weigh you to calculate!

26. Mass = 50 kg EVERYWHERE Weight = 16.53 lbs. Weight = 100 lbs.

27. O BSERVABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES 6. Malleability : the ability of a metal substance to be pounded into thin sheets and shaped. A.D. metals are malleable (nonmetals are not)

28. E XAMPLES OF : O BSERVABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES 7. Ductility: the ability of a substance to be drawn or pulled into a wire. A.D. Metals usually are ductile.(ex. copper wiring for electrical wiring in homes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c382ziUpbbc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkuDM3hYutI

29. MORE O BSERVABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES 8. Conductivity of heat or electricity : (more on the next slide) The ability for heat and/or electricity to pass through an object easily. A.D. Metals are usually the best conductors of heat and electricity. (Don’t copy.) Little known fact: This is how vending machines recognize coins. Different coins are made of different metals which have different levels of conductivity.

30. C ONDUCTIVITY ( CONT.) A.D. Insulator of electricity or heat: when an object passes heat and electricity poorly. A.D. Nonmetals are usually good insulators.

31. MORE O BSERVABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES 9. Magnetism: a force of attraction between ions (charged particles) A.D. Iron is magnetic. Ex. Useful for refrigerator doors, alarm systems, and hand tools

32. 10. Specific heat - How much energy it takes to increase the temperature of a substance 1ºC A.D. A high specific heat means it takes a LOT of energy/heat to change the temperature of the substance. A.D. Water has a high specific heat. Metals have low specific heat. High specific heat Low specific heat

33. SO WHAT??? WHY DOES THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF WATER MATTER TO LIFE ON EARTH ????? In what other ways is the high specific heat of water useful?

34. E XAMPLES OF : O BSERVABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES 11. Solubility: (More on the next 2 slides) The ability to dissolve in another substance. Ex: sugar dissolves in water; there are dissolved solids and gases in our bloodstream and tissues.

35. W HY DOES SOLUBILITY REALLY MATTER IN THE REAL WORLD ? A.D. Medicines are soluble. They move through our bloodstream and into our cells.

36. W HY DOES SOLUBILITY REALLY MATTER IN THE REAL WORLD ? A.D. Gases such as oxygen are soluble. Oxygen is dissolved in oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. Why is this important?

37. W HY DOES SOLUBILITY REALLY MATTER IN THE REAL WORLD ? Landfills are filling up with trash. We have to find alternatives to materials that are not biodegradable. Demo lab with packing peanuts

38. E XAMPLES OF : O BSERVABLE P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES 12. State of Matter: Def. Matter can either be a solid, liquid, or gas. We observe this by using our senses.

39. STATES OF MATTER MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES (PHASES) SOLID SOLID LIQUID LIQUID GAS GAS PLASMA PLASMA A.D. State of matter is a physical property !!!! http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/

40. PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property) Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER Movement: VIBRATE Shape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED VOLUME

41. – THE OBJECT IS HARDER – THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO BREAK THEM APART BREAK THEM APART – THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A LIQUID LIQUID In Solids, the particles are very tightly packed SO:

42. The particles in a LIQUID: Pattern: none Movement: atoms roll or slide over each other and move faster than a solid. Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of container Volume: Fixed

43. The particles in a GAS: Pattern: none Movement: PARTICLES MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET Shape: NO FIXED SHAPE, takes shape of container Volume: No fixed volume

44. The particles in PLASMA: Pattern: none Movement: Particles move very fast and are therefore very HOT Shape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR VOLUME Facts : Most common state of matter in the universe. Most Uncommon state of matter on Earth. Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and stars (Sun)

45. What causes matter to move through changes? Temperature changes!

46. Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold a substance is. o Calculate – Use a thermometer o Unit – degrees Fahrenheit/ Celsius (in USA we use F) M EASURABLE P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER

47. Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water (H 2 O) = 100 o C (212 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

48. Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure water (H 2 O) = 0 o C (32 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

49. Freezing Point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a Solid at a given pressure water (H 2 O) = 0 o C (32 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

50. Why are some objects less dense than other objects? As the molecules of a substance spread apart, the density of the substance is lowered.

51. W HAT CAUSES MOLECULES TO SPREAD ? Adding energy (usually in the form of heat) so the movement of the molecules increases.

52. Objects float in other substances because they are less dense than the substance they are floating in. Why does ice float in water? They are both the same substance, right?

53. Notice how tightly packed the atoms are in the liquid water vs the solid water? The spaces between the atoms make solid water less dense. Is this true for all solids? NO WAY!!! This is a unique quality of water. Most solids are always more dense than their liquid forms.

54. Water molecules in ice ( water’s solid form ) are further apart then they are in water (liquid form), giving ice a density less than 1. A NSWER : D ECREASE

55. DENSITY o When does an objects density change? o If heat is added or taken away!!!! o HEAT – spreads out molecules and makes them LESS dense o Take AWAY heat – molecules come together and makes them MORE dense. o Hot objects are less dense than cool objects!!!!

56. C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity (chemical composition) of the substance Examples: Flammability, combustibility ability to rust reactivity (with, vinegar, oxygen, acids...)

57. C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER :E XAMPLES Flammability: the ability to burn. Reactivity: The ability of a substance to react with another. Simply, when two substances get together, something can happen.

58. C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER :E XAMPLES Ability to rust – undergoes and oxidation reaction between moisture and air Tarnish – To become dull or discolored Radioactivity – decay of elements into high energy particles Corrosion – Deterioration of metal by means of a chemical reaction