1. “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” Communication and ATC “Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a problem”

2. RoadmapRoadmap  VHF Communication Equipment  Radio Operations at uncontrolled fields  Radio Operations at controlled fields  Lost Communications Procedures  VHF Communication Equipment  Radio Operations at uncontrolled fields  Radio Operations at controlled fields  Lost Communications Procedures

3. VHF Communication Equipment  VHF Range  118 – 135.975 MHz  Limited to line of Sight  Buildings, terrain, or curvature of the earth block radio waves  Antennas  Military - UHF  VHF Range  118 – 135.975 MHz  Limited to line of Sight  Buildings, terrain, or curvature of the earth block radio waves  Antennas  Military - UHF

4. Using the Radio  Professional Phraseology (AIM Pilot Controller Glossary)  No Slang, CB Jargon, ETC.  Brief transmissions  State who, where, and what  English recommended by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)  If not official language – state must make it available  Phonetic Alphabet  Professional Phraseology (AIM Pilot Controller Glossary)  No Slang, CB Jargon, ETC.  Brief transmissions  State who, where, and what  English recommended by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)  If not official language – state must make it available  Phonetic Alphabet

5. Using the Radio (cont’d)  Numbers  “Niner”  Decimal point – (135.4)  N – Numbers  Combination of five letters and numbers  All registered U.S. aircraft begin with “N”  Numbers  “Niner”  Decimal point – (135.4)  N – Numbers  Combination of five letters and numbers  All registered U.S. aircraft begin with “N”

6. Numbers on Radio

7. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)  24 Hour clock system  International standard time (Zulu Time)  Places entire world on one standard time zone  Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)  If it is 1300 local in South Bend, what time is it in Greenwich?  24 Hour clock system  International standard time (Zulu Time)  Places entire world on one standard time zone  Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)  If it is 1300 local in South Bend, what time is it in Greenwich? Time Conversion Table To Convert From:To UTC (Zulu) Eastern Standard TimeAdd 5 Hours Central Standard TimeAdd 6 Hours Mountain Standard TimeAdd 7 Hours Pacific Standard TimeAdd 8 Hours NOTE: For daylight time, subtract 1 hour from the conversion time before converting to UTC (Zulu).

8. Radio Procedures at Uncontrolled Fields  CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency)  Receive Airport Advisories  Activate Pilot Control Lighting  Found in AF/D (Airport Facilities Directory)  Self – Announced Broadcasting of Intentions  Not required, but good practice  CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency)  Receive Airport Advisories  Activate Pilot Control Lighting  Found in AF/D (Airport Facilities Directory)  Self – Announced Broadcasting of Intentions  Not required, but good practice

9. UNICOMUNICOM  Privately Owned – not official  CTAF will be designated Unicom  Request:  Airport Advisory  Winds / Active Runway  Known Traffic  Services (ex. Fueling, Cab, Pizza)  Privately Owned – not official  CTAF will be designated Unicom  Request:  Airport Advisory  Winds / Active Runway  Known Traffic  Services (ex. Fueling, Cab, Pizza)

10. Airport Advisory Area  FSS (Flight Service Station) on the Field  Extends 10 sm  FSS contacted on CTAF (123.6)  Wind direction  Favored runway  Traffic pattern information  FSS (Flight Service Station) on the Field  Extends 10 sm  FSS contacted on CTAF (123.6)  Wind direction  Favored runway  Traffic pattern information

11. Self – Announcing Procedures  Announce on CTAF/UNICOM  Use MULTICOM (122.9 MHz) only if there is no tower, FSS, or CTAF/UNICOM  MULTICOM provides air-to-air communications for pilots to self – announce position and intentions  Announce on CTAF/UNICOM  Use MULTICOM (122.9 MHz) only if there is no tower, FSS, or CTAF/UNICOM  MULTICOM provides air-to-air communications for pilots to self – announce position and intentions

12. CTAF Procedures  Initial call made 10 miles from airport  Use airport’s name at the beginning and end of transmission  Report entering traffic pattern  Report departing the traffic pattern  Communicate on CTAF taxi and departure intentions  Use CTAF when maneuvering (in traffic pattern)  Enroute / Overflight  Initial call made 10 miles from airport  Use airport’s name at the beginning and end of transmission  Report entering traffic pattern  Report departing the traffic pattern  Communicate on CTAF taxi and departure intentions  Use CTAF when maneuvering (in traffic pattern)  Enroute / Overflight

13. Radio Procedure at Controlled Fields  Airspace?  ATC Facilities  (1) - Clearance Delivery  2 - Ground Control  3 - Control Tower  (4) - Departure / Approach Control  Airspace?  ATC Facilities  (1) - Clearance Delivery  2 - Ground Control  3 - Control Tower  (4) - Departure / Approach Control

14. Departure Procedures  Controlled Airports  Receive clearance to taxi, takeoff, and subsequently leave airspace  At large airports with heavy traffic departure procedures can be complex  ATIS (automated terminal information service)  Controlled Airports  Receive clearance to taxi, takeoff, and subsequently leave airspace  At large airports with heavy traffic departure procedures can be complex  ATIS (automated terminal information service)

15. Clearance Delivery  Air Traffic Control Clearance  Authorization by ATC for you to proceed under specific traffic condition within controlled airspace  Prevent collisions  Must read back all clearances  Used for VFR flights in Class B and Class C.  Always for IFR flights  Air Traffic Control Clearance  Authorization by ATC for you to proceed under specific traffic condition within controlled airspace  Prevent collisions  Must read back all clearances  Used for VFR flights in Class B and Class C.  Always for IFR flights

16. Ground Control  ATC function  Directing movement of aircraft and other vehicles on the airport surface  Must have clearance to operate on surface  Progressive Taxi  At unfamiliar airports the controller will, upon request, provide you with detailed taxi instructions to where you want to go  May be in stages  ATC function  Directing movement of aircraft and other vehicles on the airport surface  Must have clearance to operate on surface  Progressive Taxi  At unfamiliar airports the controller will, upon request, provide you with detailed taxi instructions to where you want to go  May be in stages

17. Control Tower  Takeoff/Landing Clearance  “Taxi into position and hold”  “Hold Short”  Specific heading and turns after takeoff  Takeoff/Landing Clearance  “Taxi into position and hold”  “Hold Short”  Specific heading and turns after takeoff

18. Departure Control  Provide radar coverage and sequencing of aircraft  Radar Contact  Aircraft identified by ATC and flight following will be provided  Flight Following  Controller observing your progress while you provide your own navigation  Provide radar coverage and sequencing of aircraft  Radar Contact  Aircraft identified by ATC and flight following will be provided  Flight Following  Controller observing your progress while you provide your own navigation

19. Approach Control  ATC function which provides sequencing and separation services for inbound aircraft  Frequencies are published on sectionals and broadcasted over ATIS  Multiple freqs for large airports  ATC function which provides sequencing and separation services for inbound aircraft  Frequencies are published on sectionals and broadcasted over ATIS  Multiple freqs for large airports

20. Lost Comms Procedures  Can lose communications and still land at an airport with operating control tower  Procedures:  Squawk 7600 (transponder code)  Determine flow of traffic  Join the traffic pattern and maintain visual contact with control tower to receive light gun signals  Acknowledge tower transmission by rocking wings (daytime) or blinking your landing light (night)  Can lose communications and still land at an airport with operating control tower  Procedures:  Squawk 7600 (transponder code)  Determine flow of traffic  Join the traffic pattern and maintain visual contact with control tower to receive light gun signals  Acknowledge tower transmission by rocking wings (daytime) or blinking your landing light (night)

21. Light Gun Signals ColorTypeGroundAir SteadyCleared for TakeoffCleared to Land FlashingCleared to TaxiReturn for Landing SteadyStopGive way & continue to circle FlashingClear Area of Landing Airport Unsafe, Do Not Land FlashingReturn to StartN/A AlternatingExercise Extreme Caution

22. “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” Sequence of Events

23. Uncontrolled Field Departing  ASOS  Announce:  Taxi (for takeoff)  Departing  Takeoff  Traffic Pattern  Clear of Airport Departing  ASOS  Announce:  Taxi (for takeoff)  Departing  Takeoff  Traffic Pattern  Clear of Airport Arriving  ASOS  Announce:  10NM out  Intentions  5NM out  Entrance to pattern  Traffic Pattern  Entering  Turning Legs  Exiting Runway  Taxiing to parking Arriving  ASOS  Announce:  10NM out  Intentions  5NM out  Entrance to pattern  Traffic Pattern  Entering  Turning Legs  Exiting Runway  Taxiing to parking

24. Class B & C Departing  ATIS  Clearance Delivery  Ground  Tower  Departure Departing  ATIS  Clearance Delivery  Ground  Tower  Departure Arriving  ATIS  Approach  Tower  Ground Arriving  ATIS  Approach  Tower  Ground

25. Class D & E* Departing  ATIS  Ground  Tower Departing  ATIS  Ground  Tower Arriving  ATIS  Tower  Ground Arriving  ATIS  Tower  Ground * Towered Class E is extremely rare, but does exist

26. “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” ExampleExample

27. ATISATIS “South Bend airport information Kilo, 2153 zulu weather. Winds 240 @ 12. Visibility 7. Sky conditions, overcast 2,700. Temperature 12, dewpoint 9. Altimeter 29.87. Landing and departing runways 27L and 27R. Notice to airman, there is a 100 foot crane located 2NM off the departure end of 27R. Taxiway Lima is closed for construction. Advise on initial contact you have information Kilo.”

28. Clearance Delivery N22ND: South Bend Clearance, N22ND. Clearance: N22ND, South Bend Clearance. N22ND: Clearance, 2ND would like to depart VFR to the east heading 090, 3,500, information Kilo. Clearance: N2ND, squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised. N22ND: Squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised, 2ND. Clearance: N2ND, read back correct. N22ND: South Bend Clearance, N22ND. Clearance: N22ND, South Bend Clearance. N22ND: Clearance, 2ND would like to depart VFR to the east heading 090, 3,500, information Kilo. Clearance: N2ND, squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised. N22ND: Squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised, 2ND. Clearance: N2ND, read back correct.

29. Ground Control N22ND: Ground, N22ND is at Corporate Wings, ready for VFR taxi. Ground: N2ND, taxi to runway 27R. N22ND: Taxi to 27R, 2ND. N22ND: Ground, N22ND is at Corporate Wings, ready for VFR taxi. Ground: N2ND, taxi to runway 27R. N22ND: Taxi to 27R, 2ND.

30. Tower Control N22ND: Tower, 2ND is ready for takeoff at 27R. Tower: N2ND, taxi into position and hold runway 27R. N22ND: 27R, taxi into position and hold, 2ND. Tower: N2ND, after departure turn right heading 070, maintain 2,500. Runway 27R, cleared for takeoff. N22ND: Turn right heading 070, 2,500, cleared for takeoff 27R, 2ND. ~~ Tower: N2ND, contact departure, have a nice flight. N22ND: Switching to departure, 2ND. N22ND: Tower, 2ND is ready for takeoff at 27R. Tower: N2ND, taxi into position and hold runway 27R. N22ND: 27R, taxi into position and hold, 2ND. Tower: N2ND, after departure turn right heading 070, maintain 2,500. Runway 27R, cleared for takeoff. N22ND: Turn right heading 070, 2,500, cleared for takeoff 27R, 2ND. ~~ Tower: N2ND, contact departure, have a nice flight. N22ND: Switching to departure, 2ND.

31. Departure Control N22ND: South Bend Departure, N22ND, passing 1,200 for 2,500. Departure: N22ND, climb and maintain 3,500, fly heading 080. N22ND: Climb and maintain 3,500, heading 080, 2ND. ~~ Departure: N2ND, traffic 3:00, 5 miles, northbound 3,000 feet. N22ND: Traffic in sight, 2ND. Departure: N2ND, proceed on course. N22ND: Proceed on course, 2ND. N22ND: South Bend Departure, N22ND, passing 1,200 for 2,500. Departure: N22ND, climb and maintain 3,500, fly heading 080. N22ND: Climb and maintain 3,500, heading 080, 2ND. ~~ Departure: N2ND, traffic 3:00, 5 miles, northbound 3,000 feet. N22ND: Traffic in sight, 2ND. Departure: N2ND, proceed on course. N22ND: Proceed on course, 2ND.

32. Any Questions?