1. Bell Work Actively Read FDR’s “Quarantine Speech” and complete the document analysis form. Actively Read FDR’s “Quarantine Speech” and complete the document analysis form.

2. Objectives Students will be able to… Evaluate reasons for and against US involvement in WWII. Evaluate reasons for and against US involvement in WWII. Analyze WWII from a variety of perspectives Analyze WWII from a variety of perspectives Trace the steps from US neutrality to war preparation and involvement Trace the steps from US neutrality to war preparation and involvement

3. Agenda 1. Bell Work: Quarantine Speech 1. Bell Work: Quarantine Speech 2. Through the Eyes of An American work time 2. Through the Eyes of An American work time PART 1 DUE END OF CLASS TODAY OR BEGINNING OF NEXT CLASS!

4. Major Events of the War- The Onset of War Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland 1938 – Hitler unites Austria with Germany 1938 – Hitler unites Austria with Germany 1938 – Signed Munich Pact to Gain control of Sudetenland (In Czechoslovakia) 1938 – Signed Munich Pact to Gain control of Sudetenland (In Czechoslovakia) 1939 – Hitler and USSR sign nonaggression pact (Agreed to divide Poland) 1939 – Hitler and USSR sign nonaggression pact (Agreed to divide Poland) 1939- Blitzkrieg in Poland 1939- Blitzkrieg in Poland September 1, 1939 – World War II official start September 1, 1939 – World War II official start

5. Major Events of World War II- The War Inactive Winter 1940 –Britain and France Defend the Maginot Line Inactive Winter 1940 –Britain and France Defend the Maginot Line 1940 – Germany invades Norway and Denmark 1940 – Germany invades Norway and Denmark 1940 – France Falls 1940 – France Falls Summer 1940 – Britain withstands the German onslaught Summer 1940 – Britain withstands the German onslaught Sep 1940 Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy Sep 1940 Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy 1941- Germany broke pact with USSR 1941- Germany broke pact with USSR German setbacks- the harsh winters in Soviet Union; Bitter defeat in Stalingrad German setbacks- the harsh winters in Soviet Union; Bitter defeat in Stalingrad

6. London being bombed in the Battle of Britain

7. World Defense Spending

8. Hitler's Defiance of the Western Powers

9. German Expansion 1935-1939

10. Japanese Expansion

11. Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 Named after the American secretary of state, Frank B. Kellogg & French Foreign minister Aristide Briand Named after the American secretary of state, Frank B. Kellogg & French Foreign minister Aristide Briand Treaty renounced war as a means of national policy Treaty renounced war as a means of national policy International Disputes should be solved by peaceful means International Disputes should be solved by peaceful means helped to formulate later international law especially notions of “crimes against peace.” helped to formulate later international law especially notions of “crimes against peace.” Pact lack an efficient enforcement mechanism Pact lack an efficient enforcement mechanism

12. Message to the Nations of the World appealing for Peace by Disarmament and the end of Economic Chaos, (May 16, 1933) To solve the global financial crisis, Franklin Roosevelt urges economic cooperation and an international agreement for disarmament. To solve the global financial crisis, Franklin Roosevelt urges economic cooperation and an international agreement for disarmament. Considers Armaments to be unnecessary Considers Armaments to be unnecessary Proposes that all gov’ts reduce their militaries Proposes that all gov’ts reduce their militaries Urges Gov’ts to adopt -transcend domestic needs & create lasting international economic reform Urges Gov’ts to adopt -transcend domestic needs & create lasting international economic reform

13. The Nye Report (February 24, 1936) In 1934, Senator Nye headed an investigation of the munitions industry. In 1934, Senator Nye headed an investigation of the munitions industry. he charged the industry with corruption by connecting wartime profits of the banking & munitions industries to America's involvement in World War I he charged the industry with corruption by connecting wartime profits of the banking & munitions industries to America's involvement in World War I Many Americans felt betrayed Many Americans felt betrayed perhaps the war hadn't been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy) perhaps the war hadn't been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy) The report bolstered sentiments for isolationism The report bolstered sentiments for isolationism

14. "Is Neutrality Possible?" By Gerald Nye World War I led to an unacceptable loss of life & caused grave economic consequences World War I led to an unacceptable loss of life & caused grave economic consequences The U.S. should focus its energies at home The U.S. should focus its energies at home U.S. should avoid European entanglements U.S. should avoid European entanglements Neutrality is the preferred policy over “collective security” Neutrality is the preferred policy over “collective security” Munitions manufacturers stir up animosities between Japan & the U.S. to ensure profits Munitions manufacturers stir up animosities between Japan & the U.S. to ensure profits Money wasted on the military could be used for the public’s benefit Money wasted on the military could be used for the public’s benefit The spread of Fascism can be checked by building up a better societal model in the United States The spread of Fascism can be checked by building up a better societal model in the United States

15. "Neutrality Act" of August 31, 1935 Prohibited Prohibited Sale of arms to nations at war Sale of arms to nations at war The transport of arms on American vessels The transport of arms on American vessels Americans from traveling on belligerent vessels Americans from traveling on belligerent vessels Allowed the President to decide when nations were at war Allowed the President to decide when nations were at war This provided a loophole that FDR carefully exploited to assist American allies from aggressor states This provided a loophole that FDR carefully exploited to assist American allies from aggressor states Legacy Legacy Made no distinction between Aggressor states & states being attacked Made no distinction between Aggressor states & states being attacked they limited the US government's ability to aid Britain vs. Nazi Germany they limited the US government's ability to aid Britain vs. Nazi Germany

16. Address Delivered by President Roosevelt Before the Congress, January 3, 1936 Points Points International tensions have steadily increased over the past 3 years International tensions have steadily increased over the past 3 years By contrast, Western Hemisphere enjoys a “good neighbor” policy By contrast, Western Hemisphere enjoys a “good neighbor” policy The U.S. must take note of the rise of aggression abroad The U.S. must take note of the rise of aggression abroad These states lack democratic channels for change These states lack democratic channels for change Aggressive nations have blocked disarmament efforts Aggressive nations have blocked disarmament efforts Although it reaffirms American isolation, FDR’s speech is notable for its markedly pessimistic tone Although it reaffirms American isolation, FDR’s speech is notable for its markedly pessimistic tone

17. Roosevelt's "Quarantine" Speech (October 5, 1937) Hopes for global peace are undermined by aggressor states Hopes for global peace are undermined by aggressor states “foundations of civilization” are threatened “foundations of civilization” are threatened The U.S. & the Western Hemisphere also in danger The U.S. & the Western Hemisphere also in danger Complete isolation from the world isn’t possible Complete isolation from the world isn’t possible U.S. must reestablish international law & morality U.S. must reestablish international law & morality War is like a disease, it must be quarantined to protect the world War is like a disease, it must be quarantined to protect the world With the speech, FDR sounds the alarm that American must now take notice of global problems With the speech, FDR sounds the alarm that American must now take notice of global problems

18. Depiction of U.S. Isolationism

19. Cautiously Moving towards War Cash and Carry (1939) Cash and Carry (1939) After Tripartite Pact, FDR traded 50 destroyers for leases on British military bases After Tripartite Pact, FDR traded 50 destroyers for leases on British military bases Increase National Defense Spending Increase National Defense Spending Draft Draft Lend Lease Plan Lend Lease Plan June 1941, FDR gave Navy permission for US warships to attack German u-boats in self- defense June 1941, FDR gave Navy permission for US warships to attack German u-boats in self- defense

20. And Moving…. Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter Collective Security Collective Security Disarmament Disarmament Self-Determination Self-Determination Economic Cooperation Economic Cooperation Freedom of the Seas Freedom of the Seas Cut off trade with Japan (July 1941) Cut off trade with Japan (July 1941) Continued problems with German Wolf-packs Continued problems with German Wolf-packs Armed US merchant ships Armed US merchant ships Nov. 5, 1941 US learns of potential Japanese attack Nov. 5, 1941 US learns of potential Japanese attack

21. America First Party Est. September 1940 Est. September 1940 Pressure group to keep the U.S. out of the war Pressure group to keep the U.S. out of the war Peak membership=800,000 Peak membership=800,000 Charles Lindbergh speech in New York April 23, 1941 Charles Lindbergh speech in New York U.S. shouldn’t enter war unless it can win U.S. shouldn’t enter war unless it can win Britain nor the U.S. can defeat Germany Britain nor the U.S. can defeat Germany Fall of the democracies in Europe can be blamed on the interventionists in those countries (effectively blames the victims) Fall of the democracies in Europe can be blamed on the interventionists in those countries (effectively blames the victims) Britain is trying to lure the U.S. into the war Britain is trying to lure the U.S. into the war FDR is leading the U.S. into war but the majority is against it FDR is leading the U.S. into war but the majority is against it U.S should follow the Monroe Doctrine & Washington’s advice to avoid “entangling alliances” U.S should follow the Monroe Doctrine & Washington’s advice to avoid “entangling alliances”

22. Lindbergh’s Des Moines Speech (Sept. 11, 1941) Propaganda has led the American public from isolation toward being on the verge of war Propaganda has led the American public from isolation toward being on the verge of war 3 groups are responsible 3 groups are responsible The British The British The Jews The Jews The Roosevelt Administration The Roosevelt Administration According to Lindbergh, these groups control the media & are brainwashing the public According to Lindbergh, these groups control the media & are brainwashing the public Lindbergh’s speech with its anti- Semitic connotations enraged many Lindbergh’s speech with its anti- Semitic connotations enraged many

23. Bibliography Slide #1: Slide #1: Mussolini/Hitler: http://www.provincia.torino.it/cultura/rosanero/im/27.jpg Mussolini/Hitler: http://www.provincia.torino.it/cultura/rosanero/im/27.jpghttp://www.provincia.torino.it/cultura/rosanero/im/27.jpg Roosevelt: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/04629.GIF Roosevelt: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/04629.GIFhttp://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/04629.GIF Lindbergh: http://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/isolationism/lindbergh_amerfirst.jpg Lindbergh: http://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/isolationism/lindbergh_amerfirst.jpghttp://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/isolationism/lindbergh_amerfirst.jpg Slide #2 Slide #2 Photo of Mussolini: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/haywardlad/famous/heads-mussolini.jpg Photo of Mussolini: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/haywardlad/famous/heads-mussolini.jpghttp://homepage.ntlworld.com/haywardlad/famous/heads-mussolini.jpg Slide #3 Slide #3 Photo of Hitler: http://www.digischrift.nl/lessen/adolfhitler1/index.3.jpg Photo of Hitler: http://www.digischrift.nl/lessen/adolfhitler1/index.3.jpghttp://www.digischrift.nl/lessen/adolfhitler1/index.3.jpg Photo of Nuremberg Rally: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/58806.jpg Photo of Nuremberg Rally: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/58806.jpghttp://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/58806.jpg Slide #4 Slide #4 Photo of Nazi Eugenic Test: http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/eugenics.jpg Photo of Nazi Eugenic Test: http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/eugenics.jpghttp://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/eugenics.jpg Photo of “Jew Only Bench”: http://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~rescuers/book/Pinkhof/yaari/sophpix/jewonly.gif Photo of “Jew Only Bench”: http://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~rescuers/book/Pinkhof/yaari/sophpix/jewonly.gifhttp://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~rescuers/book/Pinkhof/yaari/sophpix/jewonly.gif Photo of Jewish Shop: http://mayoramber.esmartdesign.com/windowbig.jpg Photo of Jewish Shop: http://mayoramber.esmartdesign.com/windowbig.jpghttp://mayoramber.esmartdesign.com/windowbig.jpg Slide #5 Slide #5 Time Cover of Haile Selassie: http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1936/1101360106_400.jpg Time Cover of Haile Selassie: http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1936/1101360106_400.jpghttp://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1936/1101360106_400.jpg Slide #6 Slide #6 Photo of German Troops: http://www.umkc.edu/lib/spec-col/ww2/1939/images/63-579.jpg Photo of German Troops: http://www.umkc.edu/lib/spec-col/ww2/1939/images/63-579.jpghttp://www.umkc.edu/lib/spec-col/ww2/1939/images/63-579.jpg Slide #7 Slide #7 Defense Spending Chart: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/Graph_top7_def_expd_1930-38.png Defense Spending Chart: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/Graph_top7_def_expd_1930-38.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/Graph_top7_def_expd_1930-38.png Slide #8 Slide #8 David Lowe Cartoon: http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/honsem/theses/mkravetz03/SpinelessBg.jpg David Lowe Cartoon: http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/honsem/theses/mkravetz03/SpinelessBg.jpghttp://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/honsem/theses/mkravetz03/SpinelessBg.jpg Slide #9 Slide #9 German Expansion: http://www.msubillings.edu/history/NaziExpansion.jpg German Expansion: http://www.msubillings.edu/history/NaziExpansion.jpghttp://www.msubillings.edu/history/NaziExpansion.jpg Slide #10 Slide #10 Japanese Expansion Before Pearl Harbor: http://www.shsu.edu/~his_sub/map--imperial%20japan.jpg Japanese Expansion Before Pearl Harbor: http://www.shsu.edu/~his_sub/map--imperial%20japan.jpghttp://www.shsu.edu/~his_sub/map--imperial%20japan.jpg Slide #11 Slide #11 Kellogg-Briand: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics3/01115.jpg Kellogg-Briand: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics3/01115.jpg http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics3/01115.jpg Slide #13 Slide #13 The Nye Committee: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/00811.jpg The Nye Committee: http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/00811.jpghttp://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/00811.jpg Slide #15 Slide #15 Political Cartoon: http://www.beyondbelief72.com/hello/27/1105/1024/011140_parrish.jpg Political Cartoon: http://www.beyondbelief72.com/hello/27/1105/1024/011140_parrish.jpghttp://www.beyondbelief72.com/hello/27/1105/1024/011140_parrish.jpg Slide #17 Slide #17 Roosevelt: http://www.theconnection.org/photogallery/fdr/images/1.jpg Roosevelt: http://www.theconnection.org/photogallery/fdr/images/1.jpghttp://www.theconnection.org/photogallery/fdr/images/1.jpg Slide #18 Slide #18 Political Cartoon: http://spartans.sstx.org/~wgoodman/WWIIisolationismcart.jpg Political Cartoon: http://spartans.sstx.org/~wgoodman/WWIIisolationismcart.jpghttp://spartans.sstx.org/~wgoodman/WWIIisolationismcart.jpg Slide #19 Slide #19 Lindbergh America First: http://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/isolationism/lindbergh_amerfirst.jpg Lindbergh America First: http://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/isolationism/lindbergh_amerfirst.jpghttp://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/isolationism/lindbergh_amerfirst.jpg Slide #20 Slide #20 Dr. Suess Cartoon: http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/pm/10602cs.jpg Dr. Suess Cartoon: http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/pm/10602cs.jpghttp://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/pm/10602cs.jpg