1. I. The Dutch Republic

2. I.Crises of the early 17 th Century DON’T WRITE Witchcraft hysteria War and Rebellion –Thirty Years War Peace of Westphalia: gave the right of the ruler of each land the right to establish the religion of the area Decentralized the German states –Peasants revolts High taxes Inflation Traditional rights diminish to the growing power of monarchs

3. I. The Dutch Gain Independence 17 th century (1600s) 7 provinces establish political independence Calvinism was dominant religion Religious freedom=society that promoted commerce. Largest ship fleet in the world

4. II. The Dutch Republic Dominant role of Atlantic sea commerce Netherlands established Leaders favor republicanism (democracy) States General- representative legislature William III of Orange invited to rule States General took control after her death

5. II. The Dutch Republic Amsterdam flourished: leading commercial center of Europe in the 17 th century (COMMON AP TOPIC) –Spanish religious refugees –Canals and housing built –Encouraged expansion of business –North Sea herring company Dutch East India and West India Trading Company Bank of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Stock Exchange- promoted financial growth

6. III. Dutch Art (COMMON AP TOPIC) Golden Age of artistic achievement Baroque art No glorifying of Catholic Church or monarchs Individual and group portraits Landscapes Scenes of everyday life Funded by merchants

7. IV. The Dutch Republic falls Serious economic problems in the beginning of the 18 th century –Rise of English Power –War (England and France) –Dutch shipping challenges