1. http://www.math.fsu.edu/~quine/IntroMathBio_04/Proteins/myoglobin_geis.jpg myoglobin

2. When DNA copies….. It copy's in a very specific order. It copies 5’-3’ from a 3’-5’ Template.

4. That means the DNA strand is in the following order… DNA

5. That means the DNA strand is in the following order…

10. Double Helix

11. Nucleotides: basic molecule of DNA Pyrimidine

12. Nucleotides: basic molecule of DNA Purine

13. Pyrimidines and Purines Made up of a 1.Sugar (5 carbon) 2.Phosphate group 3.Nitric Base

14. DNA Replication http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.ht mlhttp://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.ht ml

16. Differences between RNA and DNA RNA has only a SINGLE Strand (DNA is Double Stranded) RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose RNA polymerase can start the RNA transcription without a primer

17. Differences between RNA and DNA RNA uses Uracil(U) instead of Thymine(T) More errors occur in an RNA copy than in DNA copy of nucleotides (10 3 more than in DNA) FACT: DNA has a transcription error approximately every 10 7 nucleotides. RNA has an error approximately every 10 4 !

18. Differences between RNA and DNA WHY are there more errors in RNA Transcription? One of several reasons is that in rare instances Uracil can also bond with Guanine

19. Is this a Bad thing? WHY are there more errors in RNA Transcription? One of several reasons is that in rare instance Uracil can also bond with Guanine RNA is a temporary copy in Eukaryotes

20. Types of RNA mRNA= messenger RNA codes for a protein

21. Types of RNA tRNA= transfer RNA central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

22. Types of RNA rRNA= ribosomal RNA form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

24. Transcription- the synthesis of RNA under DNA (occurs in the nucleus) Translation- the actual synthesis of a polypeptide coded for by the mRNA. (changing the base sequence of the mRNA molecule into a chain of amino acids that form a polypeptide. For our purposes a protein.)

25. An mRNA copy is made from DNA in the Nucleus

26. The DNA strand from which the mRNA is copied is the TEMPLATE STRAND

27. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters a ribosome (made up of rRNA)

28. tRNA collects a specific amino acids present in the cell and brings it to the ribosome

29. The anticodon of the tRNA matches up with its counterpart codon on the mRNA

30. When the mRNA & the tRNA link up the amino acid detaches and is connected to the adjacent amino acid

31. This chain of amino acids is a protein (polypeptide)

32. rRNA Ribosome

33. rRNA mRNA enters the “A” site of the ribosome

34. rRNA When the first codon reaches the “P” site the tRNA brings down the amino acid and links up with the mRNA

35. rRNA The “E” site is where the amino acid separates form the tRNA and links up to adjacent amino acids. This is where the MRNA and tRNA leave the ribosome

37. ANTICODONS Anticodon Anticodons specify which amino acid a tRNA collects The anticodon then pairs up with its corresponding codon

38. ANTICODONS Anticodon So for example... The anticodon AGU would pair with the codon UCA. THEY ARE OPPOSITES OF EACH OTHER

40. So What's a codon? Codon This basic unit of genetic code is 3 nucleotides long It specifies a specific amino acid Each codon only specifies 1 amino acid (BUT…an amino acid may have several different codons that code for it)

41. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap05/trna-1.gif&imgrefurl=http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap05/Chapter05.html&h=382&w=283&sz=37&tbnid=G8z7JoxTdy0J:&tbnh=119&tbnw=88&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3DtRNA%26svnum%3D50%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official_s%26sa%3DG

42. THE END http://www.chemistry.emory.edu/faculty/lynn/research/dna/template.gif