1. B ASIC GRAMMAR Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

2. ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR WORDS PARTS OF SPEECH SENTENCES PUNCTUATION CAPITALIZATION PREFIXES & SUFFIXES 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

3. WORDS Words are used to communicate messages. They must be spelled correctly and used accurately according to the meaning. Here are some tips on spelling correctly: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/660/01/ 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved ACTIVITY : Create three sentences to describe what is happening in the picture on the right.

4. BAJAN DIALECT VS ENGLISH 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved Words are not clearly formed E.g. gimme Words exist and are understood only as part of local culture. Examples : She is a scabbical It ain goin down so ya hear! Is a language used within Barbados Words are clearly formed. E.g. Give me Words exist and are used in both local and formal business language. Examples : She engages in prostitution. This matter is not resolved as yet. Is a local and globally used language BAJAN DIALECTENGLISH

5. PARTS OF SPEECH Part of SpeechMeaningExamples NounsThe name of a person, animal, place or thing London (proper noun), city (common noun), bug VerbAn action wordRun, be, lift, is, jump PronounA word used to substitute for a noun I, we, he, she, it, they, them, us AdjectiveWords used to describe a nounYellow, unkind, friendly, large, small AdverbDescribes how a verb is performed Slowly, quickly, loudly, abruptly ConjunctionConnect phrases or groups of words And, but, because PrepositionShows the relationship between two or more nouns Above, below, around, underneath, beside, next to InterjectionUsed to express exclamations and strong emotion Wow! Yeah! Look out! ArticleA word that comes before a noun in a sentence A, The, An 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

6. 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved PARTS OF SPEECH Image sourced at: http://rkb-lbc-09.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-parts-of-speech.html on June 26th, 2014http://rkb-lbc-09.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-parts-of-speech.html

7. SENTENCES A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. All words fit into at least one of the parts of speech categories. Sentences are made of a subject and predicate. The subject is what you are talking about. The predicate refers to what you are saying about what you are talking about. Sentences must have a subject and a verb and the two must be in agreement. 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

8. S UBJECT & VERB AGREEMENT The rule is a singular subject requires a singular verb and a plural subject requires a plural verb. 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved When making a noun plural we are taught that you add “s” or “es”. However, when making a verb plural we do the opposite, we remove the “s” or “es”

9. S UBJECT & VERB AGREEMENT The boy is going to school. Boy is singular therefore the singular verb “is” is used. The boys are going to school. Boys is plural therefore the plural verb “are” is used. The class is going on the upcoming tour. Class is a collective noun which is treated as one therefore the singular verb “is” is used. Everyone is upset because Italy lost the football match. Words like each, every, everyone, no one etc. are considered singular subjects that require a singular verb. 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

10. A CTIVITY : TAKE A AND FIND THE ERRORS. Jonathan say that he gine down de road to buy a pack of chips. One pack of chips doan be enough to mek my belly full. It does take two pack of chips at least to make my belly full. My gran say that is because de makers of chips nowadaze doan like tuh gi ya ya muney’s worth. U cuh believe dat half de pack does be empty? Dem cyan be serious and know tings bout hey real brown. 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

11. PUNCTUATION MARKS WHEN TO USE Comma,To separate items in a list or create a pause in a sentence Question mark?Following a question Full stop.To end a sentence; also used in abbreviations Apostrophe ’ To show ownership (E.g. John’s) Quotation marks“ ”Used to enclose a title “Cars 2” Hyphen-When writing compound words Dash–Used to connect numbers or information to a topic heading Colon:Use before a quotation, explanation, example, series of items, after a salutation and when conveying time Semicolon;Precedes a sentence related to a previous sentence Exclamation mark !Following strong expressions of emotion or exclamations E.g. Wow! Brackets{ }, [ ]To enclose comments or explanations related to a work Parentheses( )To include an additional thought within a sentence Ellipses…Used as a substitute for text 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

12. C APITALIZATION, PREFIXES & SUFFIXES Use capital letters for Names of persons Names of important places Book titles Movie titles Titles of important people E.g. the Queen, The Prime Minister Prefixes Added to the front of a word to give a different meaning Examples: unhappy prejudge supermarket undercover Suffixes Added to the end of a word to give it a different meaning Examples careless likeable worker childish 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

13. C OMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS AbbreviationMeaning Mr.A title used to formally refer to a man Mrs.A title used to formally refer to a married female Ms.A title used to formally refer to an unmarried female Dr.A title used to refer to a doctor or an individual that has completed a Doctorate qualification in an area of study E.g.Example Ave.Avenue The Rt. Hon.The Right Honourable H.I.V.Human Immunodeficiency Virus Etc.Etcetera (used to show an incomplete list of items or information Inc.Incorporated Ltd.Limited cm, mg, ml, mm, lb, m, centimetres (cm), milligrams (mg), millilitres (ml), millimeters (mm), pounds (lb), meters (m) 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved

14. ORGANISATION 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved Think of words like the pieces of a puzzle that must be put together in the correct order to get the right result. organize your words carefully

15. E ND OF PRESENTATION QUOTE:Language gives youfreedom to express whatyou think and feel inside- Kelly St. Hill 6/26/2014 Created by Kelly St. Hill June 26, 2014 Copyright & All rights reserved