1. Human Learning Eyad Hakami

2. Learning Theory The concept of Learning theory is how an individual can obtain information then process it and finally recall it as knowledge

3. Learning Theory Categories Behaviorism is the observation of behavior obtained after learning which can be reinforced by certain methods or analysis. Cognitivism is learning about the deeper aspect of behaviorism so called the black box of the human mind which then is interpreted as Schema. Schemata are organized structures in memory that are created and modified when learning occurs. Constructivism focuses on construction of internal representations of knowledge by the learner in order to make sense of external events.

4. Learning Styles Each Person learns in there own way (visual, auditory, kinesthetic), the theory is that an individual can process knowledge by the preferable style which can be a combination of styles there by can give them the best and faster result. Emotionality, physical needs and sociological needs are elements included to help discover a persons best learning style.

5. Learning Styles Learning Styles and Instructional Design As an instructor you should be aware of the visual style, the auditory style and the kinesthetic style so that you can combine them while teaching in order for the learner to obtain the information as he or she prefers, making it both easy and fast for you both.

6. Motivation Motivation is defined as the reason for doing something in a certain way. Either to achieve a goal, or to avoid a consequence.

7. Motivation ARCS Model of Motivational Design * ARCS is a systematic model for designing motivating instruction. - A ttention: making the learner interested and curious by asking questions; - R elevance: giving the learner something that is relevant to his background from terminology and language; - C onfidence: increasing the sensation of success and achievement by pointing out good feedback; and - S atisfaction: fulfilling and gratifying the learners as appropriate by giving them recognition and credit. * Keller and Keller (1989) developed the Motivational Delivery Checklist.

8. Bloom’s Taxonomy http://ar.cetl.hku.hk/images/blooms.gif

9. Bloom’s taxonomy Applying Blooms taxonomy to instructional design: Remembering To build new information we depend on the base of previously obtained knowledge so first we retrieve it by asking or giving quizzes as an instructor. Understanding Using many techniques and not forgetting the three main learning styles, understanding new information allows it to be easily memorized. Application Practice makes perfect as they say, so applying the knowledge to a learner in anyway possible will help the information seep through there minds. Evaluation, Analysis and Creation Finally, a learner can then analyze further this new knowledge into different situations and make there own judgment on that point.

10. Conclusion Learning theory: The main three learning theories can be most effectively applied to different types of instructional tasks. Learning style: As an instructional designer, it is important to understand your audience and how they learn before designing their courses. Motivation: Applying the motivation models to instructional design can effectively support the learning process in many ways. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying the six stages of the Bloom’s Taxonomy to educational process allows the instructional designers to distinguish how a learner’s performance develops from simple to complex levels.