2. CH 13 SEC 1 The Rise of Dictators

3. I. Europe after World War 1 The devastation of the war affected every aspect of life. Millions were dead, the countryside destroyed, and economic hardship was everywhere. The Treaty of Versailles made several countries upset, notably Germany and Italy.

4. I. Europe after World War 1 Italy expected to be rewarded for its efforts against Germany, but were ignored in the treaty. Germany had the worst of the treaty. They had to pay back the countries it attacked, they gave up control of some land, and had to disband its army and navy.

5. I. Europe after World War 1 The economy of Germany suffered, and inflation went out of control. Prices changed from day to day, even changing several times in one day. Political problems plagued Germany. A weak democratic government called the Weimar Republic took control but was ineffective in helping the country.

6. II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise Political and economic hardships hit Italy, and into that mix rose up Benito Mussolini. He was a former Socialist that became an ultra- patriot and dictator of Italy. He called his system Fascism, which demanded complete loyalty to the state, and violence was an integral part of keeping control.

7. II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise Hitler used the mistreatment of Germany under the Treaty of Versailles as a means of gaining power and support of the people. He will get himself elected to a government position, and would eventually be given complete control of the government.

8. II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise Hitler begins to build up the military, and starts taking over areas that Germany had lost after World War 1. Spain goes through a civil war, and fascist general Francisco Franco takes power, with support of Hitler and Mussolini.

9. II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise Stalin solidifies his power in the Soviet Union, using the same tactics that Hitler and Mussolini use in their countries. Japan has an emperor, but the military takes more control of the country and they begin to expand their territory in Asia and the Pacific.

10. III. Totalitarian Governments and Military Force Japan invaded Manchuria, a province of China, and the rest of the world did not try to stop them. The League of Nations condemned the Japanese, but there were no consequences. Italy invaded Ethiopia, and Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations, who did nothing and allowed the Italians to take over Ethiopia.

11. III. Totalitarian Governments and Military Force The Spanish civil war was fought between Communists and Fascists and Nationalists. Other countries got involved in the war, most fighting against the Fascist/Nationalist forces. It became a practice ground for the armies of many other nations in preparation for World War 2.

12. IV. Hitler Takes Action Hitler moves troops into the Rhineland, which was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles. France was scared but did nothing to stop him. Hitler then annexed Austria, called the Anschluss, which was another violation of the treaty, but again, no one stopped him.

13. IV. Hitler Takes Action Finally, he decided to take over a part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland, which had many German- speaking people living in it. Neville Chamberlain, prime minister of Britain, met with Hitler about the Sudetenland. He agreed to give up the area as long as Hitler did not take anymore.

14. In your notebooks Describe what would have happened in Europe had Britain continued the policy of appeasement followed by Neville Chamberlain. Half page answer.