1. The Stuarts

2. The House of Stuart, also known as the House of Stewart is an important European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century. Their direct ancestors had held the title High Steward of Scotland since the 12th century, after arriving by route of Norman England. The dynasty inherited further territory by the 17th century which covered the entire British Isles, including the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland, also upholding a claim to the Kingdom of France.The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714.royal houseRobert II of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland High Steward of ScotlandNorman EnglandBritish IslesKingdom of EnglandKingdom of Ireland Kingdom of France

3. James I. began the period was also King James VI of Scotland ● was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots. ● his mother was forced to abdicate in 1567, he was proclaimed king of Scotland. ● in that time divided domestically by conflict between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics ● 1582 James was kidnapped by a group of Protestant nobles and was held virtual prisoner until he escaped the next year. ● 1586 James formed an alliance with his cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, and succeeded in reducing the power of the great Roman Catholic nobles. ● married in 1589 with Anne of Denmark ● 1604 he ended England's war with Spain. ● 1605 originate conspiracy Gunpowder Plot to kill James I, king of England. The plot was formed by a group of prominent Roman Catholics in retaliation against the oppressive anti-Catholic laws being applied by James I.

4. James I. ● tried unsuccessfully to advance the cause of religious peace in Europe, giving his daughter Elizabeth in marriage to Frederick V, the leader of the German Protestants. ● formed an alliance with France and declared war on Spain. ● was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War. was executedWhitehallEnglish Civil War

5. Charles I. ● was born the second son of James I. ● 1625 Charles succeeded to the throne and married Henrietta Maria,the French princess. ● believed in the divine right of kings and in the authority of the Church of England. These beliefs soon brought him into conflict with Parliament and ultimately led to civil war. ● convoked and dissolved three Parliaments in four years because they refused to comply with his demands. When the third Parliament met in 1628, it presented the Petition of Right, a statement demanding that Charles make certain reforms in exchange for war funds. Charles was forced to accept the petition. ● in 1640 he convoked the so-called Short Parliament to raise an army and necessary funds. This body, which sat for one month (April-May), refused his demands, drew up a statement of public grievances, and insisted on peace with Scotland.

6. Charles II. ● the eldest son of Charles I.. ● 1650, Charles did a deal with the Scots and was proclaimed King. ● With a Scottish army he invaded England but was defeated by Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester in 1651. He again escaped into exile and it was not until 1660 that he was invited back to England to reclaim his throne. ● Between 1665 and 1667 England was at war with the Dutch (the Second Anglo-Dutch War), ending in a Dutch victory. ● 1670, Charles signed a secret treaty with Louis XIV of France. He undertook to convert to Catholicism and support the French against the Dutch (Third Anglo-Dutch War 1672-74), in return for which he would receive subsidies from France, thus enabling his some limited room for manoeuvre with Parliament. ● Although Charles had a number of illegitimate children with various mistresses, he had none with his wife, Catherine of Braganza. ● Charles's reign saw the rise of colonisation and trade in India, the East Indies and America and the Passage of Navigation Acts that secured Britain's future as a sea power. He founded the Royal Society in 1660. ● died on 6 February 1685, converting to Catholicism on his death bed.

7. James II. ● was third son to Charles I. ● King of England, Scotland,and Ireland from 1685. King of EnglandScotlandIreland ● the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.CatholicEngland ScotlandIreland ● The Parliament of England deemed James to have abdicated on 11 December 1688Parliament of England ● James is best known for his belief in absolute monarchy and his attempts to create religious liberty for his subjects.absolute monarchyreligious liberty ● openly opposed the Test Act of 1673, which barred all Catholics and Dissenters from holding positions of power, and abandoned his post as Lord High Admiral and left the country. ● 1678 he was the focus of a popish plot and in 1679 the Whig government attempted to exclude James from the succession but Charles dissolved parliament.

8. Mary II. ● daughter of King James II ● Raised a Protestant ● 1677 Mary was married to her Dutch cousin William of Orange ● They also led to disagreement with William. Mary felt it her duty to side with her husband against her father and thus supported William's invasion of England in November 1688. James fled in December and Mary arrived the following February. She immediately rejected proposals that she become sole ruler and, in April 1689, she and William were crowned joint sovereigns of England. ● The Bill of Rights of 1689 established that only a Protestant could become king and a new coronation oath required the monarch to uphold Protestantism. Parliament's position was bolstered by the Triennial Act of 1694, which re-established the principle of regular parliamentary sessions. ● enjoyed great popularity, but continued to be deeply troubled by her estrangement from her deposed father. ● died at the age of 32 and her childlessness again threw open the question of the succession.

9. Anne ● the second daughter of King James II. ● queen of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1702 – 1714 ), the last British sovereign of the house of Stuart. ● Although her father converted to Roman Catholicism in 1672, Anne remained Protestant. ● 1683 she was married to Prince George of Denmark ● enthrone past the death William Orange´s in 1702 ● 1701-1714 War War of the Spanish Succession, known in America as Queen Anne's War-Marlborough(duke John Churchill) won a series of victories ● during Queen Anne's reign the kingdoms of England and Scotland were united ● having no surviving children, was succeeded by her second German cousin George of Hannover dynasty. He enthrone past the death Queen Anne in 1714.

10. The Stuarts

11. Sources ● www.wikipedia.org ● www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk ● www.royal.gov.uk