1. Imperialism Imperialism- (Latin/ Roman Empire) one country’s domination of the political, economic, & social life of another country. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo

2. What were the causes or reasons for imperialism? Industrialization Desire for markets Seeking new opportunities / settlers Political rivalries Missionary spirit Social Darwinism

3. Forms of Imperialism: Colony- territory ruled directly through colonial officials Protectorate- its own government, but policies directed by foreign power Sphere of influence- region of a country in which imperial power had exclusive rights to investment & trade Settler Colonies- settlement colony, such as those in North America and Australia, where European settlers made up the majority of the population.

5. I.The Partitioning of Africa

6. A.Dr. David Livingston 1. Most famous missionary & explorer 2. 1840- began series of explorations that lasted 30yrs. 3. 1860s lost New York Harold / Henry M. Stanley 1871 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngggl6Afc3E

7. 4. Impact- publicity surrounding explorations led to a scramble for resources 1880-1914 5.1885- 14 nations to divide Africa. King Leopold II- “the magnificent African cake” 6. 1914- European nations controlled 90% of Africa

8. B. French North Africa 1. 1830 King Charles X- ordered invasion of Algiers to est. colony 2. Abd al-Qadir (AB-duhl KAH-dur)- led resistance movement against French/ 10yrs -100,000 soldiers

9. 3. Tunis 1881 4. Morocco 1904 5. Approximately 1 million French settled North Africa during this period

10. C. Britain in Egypt 1. 1800s- Muhammad Ali / Ottoman ruler 2. Ali- Egypt conquered neighboring lands, reformed tax system & modernized Egypt 3. 1859- French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Lesseps est. company to build Suez Canal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNCWpFmCplY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3A5bjCNPvVs

11. 4. Suez Canal- trade & strategic asset 5. 1875 – Great Britain gained control of canal when Egypt sold its shares to pay off debts 6.1882- British put down nationalist revolt of & Egypt became a protectorate

12. D. Italy Seizes Libya 1. Known as Tripoli in 1800s 2. 1911 Italy after gaining guarantees of neutrality attacked & seized territory

13. E. West Africa 1. By 1800s many Western nations abolished slavery 2. Slave trading continued- Arab & African traders sent people from Central & East Africa to Middle East & Asia 3. West African States- weakened by population lost traded natural products in exchange for manufacture goods: Palm oil, ivory, runner, cotton, etc. 4. 1870s- Europeans pushed inland to control trade 5.Discovery of quinine to fight malaria

14. 6. 1900- Europeans (esp. Britain & France) gain new territories in West Africa 7. West African ruler- Samory Toure led armies against French 8. Gold Coast- Ashanti Queen Yaa Asantewaa fought British expansion 9. 1900 Liberia- only independent state in West Africa due to its relationship with USA

15. F. Central 1.1877- Belgium King Leopold II claims Congo 2.Claim based Henry Stanley’s expedition & discovery Congo River 3.Kings private plantation & enslavement- rubber trees & ivory tusk 4.1908 Belgian Congo - King sold plantation to government in exchange for loans

16. G. East Africa 1.British, Germans, & Italians 2.Ethiopia- only East African country to remain independent during this period 3.Menelik II- 1896 Italians crushed at Battle of Adowa 4.Ethiopia & Liberia- only two nations to escape complete European domination during the Age of Imperialism

17. H. Southern Africa 1.1652- Dutch Afrikaners settlement Cape Town 2.Strategic location prior to Suez Canal 3.British seized territory during Napoleonic Wars- placed restriction on Afrikaners 4.1830s Great Trek- approx. 10,000 Boers migrate & establish to independent republics – Transvaal & Orange Free State – Constitution based on inequality of races

18. 5. Shaka Zulu 6. 1879- British eventually defeat Zulu 7. 1880s British settlers moved northeast into Boer territory 8. 1899-1902- Anglo- Boer War 9. 1910- British united territories / Union of South Africa union between British & Afrikaners

19. II. Division of Asia A. British India 1. 1600s – East India Company established trading ports 2. 1757 Battle of Plassey- East India, Robert Clive, agent used British army to defeat French. Next 100yrs Britain dominates through commerce 3. 1857- East India co. dominates most of India 4. 1857 Seypoy Rebellion- nationalist movement against cultural imperialism 5. 1858- Parliament ended East Ind. Co rule & established a Viceroy

20. B. China Faces the West 1. Qing Dynasty 1644- 1912- during this period political, economic, & military weakened 2. Trade barriers broken by British opium trade 3. 1839- 1842- Opium War- British victory & Treaty of Nanking: Granted British payment for war losses Hong Kong British citizens ruled by British law

21. 4. 1890s- Spheres on influence 5. USA 1899 Open Door Policy 6.Boxer Rebellion 1900- Ended by multinational force 7.Revolution of 1911 / Sun Yat-sen- nationalism, democracy, & livelihood

22. C. Modernization of Japan 1. Ruled by military commanders- Shogun 2. 1853- Commodore Matthew C. Perry / ends isolation (Treaty 1854) 3. Unequal Treaties- signed with Western imperial powers lead to political turmoil 4.1868 Shoguns overthrown- Samurai gave allegiance Mutsuhito (1st Meiji) 5.Meiji- developed western form of govt., industrialized, infrastructure 6.1894 Sino-Japanes War- Japan aided Korea independence against China 7. 1904 Russo-Japanese War

23. D. Imperialism in the Americas 1. 1823 Monroe Doctrine 2. Spanish American War 3. Roosevelt Corollary

24. 4. Panama Canal 1904-1914 5. Mexico- 1864 Austrian Archduke Maximilian emperor of Mexico 1910 Mexican Revolution Wilson’s Response