1. The Psychodynamic Model Main assumptions: Psychological disorders are caused by emotional problems in the unconscious mind The causes of these emotional problems can usually be traced back to early childhood The relationship between child and parents is a crucial determinant of mental health www.psychlotron.org.uk

2. The Unconscious Mind The conscious. The small amount of mental activity we know about. The preconscious. Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried. The unconscious. Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of. Thoughts Perceptions Memories Stored knowledge Fears Unacceptable sexual desires Violent motives Irrational wishes Immoral urges Selfish needs Shameful experiences Traumatic experiences Bad Worse Really Bad www.psychlotron.org.uk

3. The Psyche Id: Instincts Superego: Morality Ego: Reality www.psychlotron.org.uk

4. Healthy Psyche IdSuperego Ego OK Guys – I’m in charge. Anything you want has to go through me. OK. www.psychlotron.org.uk

5. Neurotic Psyche Id Superego Ego Listen up! I’m in charge, and you are not here to enjoy yourselves. Get ready for a double-size portion of anxiety with a side order of guilt! No fun. >whimper< www.psychlotron.org.uk

6. Psychotic Psyche Id SuperegoEgo Sex! Food! Drink! Drugs! NOW! Who turned out the lights? www.psychlotron.org.uk

7. Psychopathic Psyche OK. First, gimme food. Then I want sex – lots of it and I don’t particularly care whether it’s with a willing partner. Then I want to hurt people. Badly. Probably be hungry again after that so… OK then. Let’s go. www.psychlotron.org.uk

8. Defence Mechanisms Unacceptable (latent) motives are channeled into more acceptable (manifest) thoughts and actions Aggression Sexual desire for parent Masturbation Playing with faeces Sport Sexual desire for partner Guitar playing Pottery www.psychlotron.org.uk

9. Psychological Disorders Psychological disorders are defence mechanisms against repressed emotional problems and impulses The symptoms of a disorder have a hidden meaning that can be decoded www.psychlotron.org.uk

10. Psychological Disorders Anxiety Fear of something that is projected onto something innocuous www.psychlotron.org.uk

11. Psychological Disorders OCD The child goes along with the wishes of their parents to be neat and clean when their natural preference may be to be messy. In doing this the child is using an ego-defence mechanism known as reaction formation which means they behave in the opposite way to the way they unconsciously want to behave.