1. Freaky Freud! Ms Rebecca Psychology

2. Review  1. What is personality?  2. What are traits?  3. Is my perception of my personality different from others’?  4. Are personality tests ONLY measuring BAD traits?  5. According to the MMPI-2, what levels of the 5 traits do I have?

3. By the end of today…..  1. Who is Freud and where does personality come from acc to the Psychoanalytic perspective?  2. What are the id, ego, and superego?  3. What are the 5 stages of development according to Freud and what happens during each stage?  4. When does “development" of personality end?

4. I. Psychoanalysis  Sigmund Freud http://yourblues.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/sigmund_freud-loc.jpg

5. What IS the Psychoanalytic Theory?  Says we are influenced by forces beneath our conscious: (in our unconscious)

6. Beneath the surface!  Believed many of peoples’ deepest thoughts, fears and urges remain out of awareness in an unconscious part of the mind. http://www.texaspos.com/images/iceburg.jpg

7. A. How do you explore the unconscious part of the mind?  Psychoanalysis: People are supposed to talk about anything that they think of so psychologists can analyze the deeper meaning. http://bp0.blogger.com/_N_CQPl_1K5U/R72JrKVJijI/AAAAAAAAAAk/-UNtGdaC9x0/s400/My_Cartoon_1_(Best)+001.jpg

8. a. Patients in a relaxed setting  Like a couch! http://www.freud.org.uk/Marge.jpg

9. 2. Dream analysis  Freud believed that people’s unconscious wishes may also appear in their dreams http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/mba0407l.jpg

10. So  Freud asked people to write their dreams down when they woke up and then he tried to figure out the hidden meaning http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mba/lowres/mban1343l.jpg

11. 3. Hypnosis  Was another method Freud used to try to get to peoples’ unconscious thoughts.  Later abandoned http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://www.seductionlabs.org/images/Hypnosis-fate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.seductionlabs.org/2008/06/06/covert-hypnosis/&h=344&w=403&sz=16&hl=en&start=4&sig2=ewvShhkWTgyxg8lasaprjg&um=1&usg=__ikPwWYdRoim-i9EW9iD2dmA-8rI=&tbnid=BuZqEB3pA4VzmM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=124&ei=Zq_QSOmmH4qM6gO6s_3IDw&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHypnosis%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den

12. II. 3 Basic Psychological Structures  ID  EGO  SUPEREGO http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/learning_modules/psychology/02.TU.04/illustrations/02.IL.17.gif

13. A. ID  Basic drives like hunger are part of the ID.  1-present at birth  2-stereotypical 2 year old: “I want what I want, when I want it”  3-pays no attention to laws, customs, or the needs of others

14. B. EGO  1. Develops because a child’s demands for instant gratification cannot be met  We can’t always get what we want http://bp0.blogger.com/_IpeMzQ8Vv2Y/SAuP3ena4jI/AAAAAAAABT0/2rq3Tmebbiw/s400/rolling+stones.den.13404.jpg

15. Goal of the EGO  2. Satisfy the desires of the ID in a Realistic way. Example: Your ID says you are hungry and your EGO says you should cook a hamburger instead of eating it raw. http://farm1.static.flickr.com/128/419717099_9797a56591.jpg?v=0

16. The Ego  3. Also provides a sense of self or a sense of what you should do to make yourself happy like study for a test.  4. AND the EGO is a censor that screens out the wild impulses of the ID

17. C. Superego  1-Develops throughout early childhood  2-Goal: moral principle: standards and values of parents and other members of the community give us our moral sense.

18. 3. The conscience  The superego floods the ego with feelings of guilt or shame when we do something society defines as wrong.

19. Who has the toughest job?  The EGO!  Why? The Ego has to juggle the needs of the ID AND the SUPEREGO!

20. Example:  ID: “You want to go out with your friends! Don’t study!”  SUPEREGO: “You must study all night or you won’t pass the test!”  EGO: Balance! “Study now and after you do well on your test you can spend time with friends”

21. Psychosexual Stages of Development  Freud believed that a person’s personality developed through a series of 5 stages.

22. Why are the stages important?  ADULT psychological problems might come from unresolved childhood conflicts.  If you don’t resolve conflicts during your early life, you may become stuck in some of the traits of your childhood.

23. 1. Oral Stage: http://www.worldofstock.com/slides/PCH8851.jpg

24. About the Oral Stage  When: First year of life  What is it?: Infants explore their mouths and put things into their mouths to learn about them. Main source of pleasure: food  Children depend on adults to feed them at this stage

25. What if there are problems in a child’s Oral stage?  According to Freud, If a child’s needs aren’t met during the oral stage they may get stuck in the oral stage later in life.  How? Continue to focus on pleasures of the mouth: Smoke, overeat, talk a lot, nail biting. ALSO might have clinging relationships as an adult.

26. 2. Anal Stage

27. About the Anal Stage  When: ages of 1 &1/2 – 2 &1/2  What happens?: Children learn they can control bodily functions (when they poo poo and pee pee)  CONTROL becomes very important

28. What if there are problems during a child’s Anal stage?  Control issues!  People can become: 1. Anal retentive: they need to control everything. Ex: Perfectionist  Or people become 2. Anal Expulsive: careless and messy

29. 3. Phallic Stage http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/rje0278l.jpg

30. About the phallic stage  When: Age 3  What happens: boys and girls notice they are different from each other. They may develop STRONG attachments to the parent of the opposite sex.

31. Oedipus Complex  When a son has sexual desire for his mother.  *Many people don’t think this exists!

32. Electra Complex  When a daughter has a sexual desire for her father.  *Many people don’t think this exists! http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png/300px-Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png

33. What if there are problems during the Phallic Stage?  Freud suggested that problems during this stage can lead to:  Depression  Excessive guilt  Anxiety

34. 4. Latency Stage http://practicalramblings.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/hide_and_seek1.jpg

35. About the Latency Stage  When: Age 5-just before puberty  What: Latent = hidden  Impulses and emotions remain hidden or unconscious

36. 5. The Genital Stage http://www.offthemarkcartoons.com/cartoons/2002-04-21.gif

37. About the Genital Stage  When: Puberty  What: Kids become aware of their gender identity. Conflicts of early development stages resurface.

38. Review: Answer the following questions: What are 2 main ideas about where personality comes from according to the Psychoanalytic Theory? Who is Freud and what does he say are the 3 parts of personality? What does each part do?

39. Psychoanalytic theory  Says we are influenced by forces beneath our conscious: (in our unconscious)  We are only able to understand our true feelings when we free associate or dream or are hypnotized…

40. Stages of Personality  ID= Basic urges  EGO=regulates basic needs and conscience  SUPEREGO=moral sense, what SHOULD I do

41. Review!  1. Who is Freud and where does personality come from acc to the Psychoanalytic perspective?  2. What are the id, ego, and superego?  3. What are the 5 stages of development according to Freud and what happens during each stage?  4. When does “development" of personality end?

42. Now  We are going to learn about another one of Freud’s ideas about personality: Defense Mechanisms

43. What you should learn:  1. Why do people use defense mechanisms?  2. What are the 8 defense mechanisms and how are they used?  3. Can you think of an example of a defense mechanism that you use? Explain.  4. Are any defense mechanisms healthy? Which ones?

44. Defense Mechanisms  Are the methods the ego uses to avoid facing emotions or ideas that cause pain or stress. (Goal 4 of Psychology!)  Defense Mechanisms, like the id, ego and superego operates beneath our conscious.

45. What are they?  Repression  Rationalization  Displacement  Regression  Projection  Reaction Formation  Denial  Sublimation

46. 1. Repression  Pushes painful or stressful ideas into the subconscious.  Like a tea-kettle holds in steam, people hold in their urges. http://images.google.co.th/images?gbv=2&hl=en&q=hold+your+breath

47. Problem with repression  When steam builds up, the tea-kettle pops it’s lid.

48.  When people let their emotions and urges build up inside of them they eventually explode through outbursts of anger and maybe developing other psychological and emotional problems.

49. 2. Rationalization  Distorts unacceptable ideas and behaviors to justify them. Makes excuses to try to make it seem like unacceptable behavior is ok.

50. Example of Rationalization  A student who cheats on a test may say:  “I only cheated on a few questions, I knew most of the answers!” http://www.borg.com/~rjgtoons/images/ed11.gif

51. 3. Displacement  To transfer an impulse or idea from a threatening object to a LESS threatening object. Example: If you are yelled at by your boss you can’t yell back you’ll get fired!  So, you go home and yell at your loved ones! http://www.clipartof.com/images/thumbnail/930.jpg

52. So, you go home and yell at your loved ones!  Works for dad! http://www.greenberg-art.com/.Illustrations/.Humorous/qq1sgYellingAtKids.jpg

53. 4. Regression  When someone is under a lot of stress, they return to behavior from an earlier stage of development. http://farm1.static.flickr.com/21/89190904_6a725fd03e.jpg?v=0

54. Example of Regression  Someone who gets divorced may become clingy to parents again like they were as a child.

55. 5. Projection  People deal with unacceptable impulses by acting as if OTHER people have them.  They see their own faults in other people. http://stanleybronstein.com/blog/blame.jpg

56. 6. Reaction Formation  People act the opposite of how they really feel. http://www.arcticnunavut.ca/images/Opposites

57. Example of Reaction Formation  Acting like you hate someone you really have a crush on. http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mba/lowres/mban2023l.jpg

58. 7. Denial  A person refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad. http://i209.photobucket.com/albums/bb44/spadum/de-motivational%20posters/denial.jpg

59. Example of Denial  People think that they won’t get sick and die from smoking because they are in denial. http://thecia.com.au/reviews/t/images/thank-you-for-smoking-poster-0.jpg

60. 8. Sublimation  When people channel impulses into socially acceptable behavior.  Example: Someone who is aggressive…

61. Can channel their aggression into playing sports http://www.sportsciencepress.com/images/sports-psychology-3-350.jpg

62. Effects of Defense Mechanisms  Using defense mechanisms can be normal to protect people from painful feelings. BUT…..

63. Defense Mechanisms can be unhealthy…  If the lead people to ignore the issues that cause feelings of pain.  According to Freud, If you have a healthy ego, you should be able to balance the ID and Superego without using defense mechanisms

64. Review  1. Why do people use defense mechanisms?  2. What are the 8 defense mechanisms and how are they used?  3. Can you think of an example of a defense mechanism that you use? Explain.  4. Are any defense mechanisms healthy? Which ones?

65. Final thoughts about Freud  Today concepts like the ID and Oedipus Complex are considered unscientific but Freud’s work was very important to Psychology.

66. Why?  1. Freud helped to develop compassion for those with Psychological disorders.  In the past, people were just dismissed as being “crazy” but after Freud’s research more people realized that psychological problems weren’t just weaknesses.

67. 2. Introduced idea that childhood influences adulthood  Importance of recognizing emotional needs of children.  This inspired others to continue the research Freud started.

68. Homework:  Defense Mechanism Packet  Optional: Read pp323-329 to help you understand the Psychodynamic perspective.