1. The North America Array Technology Development and the Realization of the SKA-High Steven T. Myers NRAO 14 May 2009 USSKA Consortium Meeting Washington, DC

2. The North America Array is... ● Technology development and prototyping program for the SKA-high component – Fully part of US and International SKA program – Some NRAO specific aspects ● Concept development for the expansion and incorporation of the EVLA/VLBA as the “SKA- high”, sited in North America – SKA-high siting proposal in 2018+ – Astro2020 and construction in 2022+

3. Decadal Activity ● Subject of RFI response to RMS Program Prioritization Panel (Myers et al.) ● Components: – NRAO participation in SKA-mid precursors and pathfinders, such as MeerKAT and ATA – Continue and expand SKA TDP (TDP-II), extending to SKA-high antenna evaluation and NAA preparatory R&D – Construct a NAA Prototype Antenna Station connected to EVLA, develop SKA-high costing model and NAA site concept

4. NAA/SKA-high Science Goals ● Mostly taken from Astro2010 Science White Papers, broken down into those 5 areas – CFP: megamasers (dark energy, BH masses), weighing dark matter (lensing), – GCT: imaging galaxies in early Universe (lines, continuum), – PSSF: protoplanetary disks – SSE: super-star clusters and supernovae, SNe and GRB, obscured pulsars and motions – TGN: local group motions

5. High-Level “Design” ● SKA-high goals – 10-35 GHz top-level spec – A/T = 5000 m 2 /K (~20 x EVLA) ● NAA concept – 1-50 GHz capability ● “core” 5-45 GHz, three 3:1 bands – At least 10 x EVLA sensitivity ● 5 x EVLA on NM baselines – Grow from EVLA + VLBA + GBT +ATA?

6. TDP-II ● 3 years (2012-2015) $13450K ● Goals: – Continue and expand SKA TDP-I – Evaluate TDP/PrepSKA antennas for higher frequency operations to guide SKA-high design – NAA concept development and initial SKA-high systems design – Design for NAA Prototype Antenna Station and site choice

7. TDP-II Components 1. Antenna Evaluation 2. Data Transmission 3. Digital Signal Processing 4. Digitization 5. Monitor & Control 6. Wideband Feed/Receiver 7. Algorithms, Computing, Software 8. SKA-high/NAA Concept Design

8. NAA Prototype Antenna Station ● 4 years (2015-2019) $17800K ● NAA-PAS Goals: – 1 year detailed design – 3 year prototype construction and evaluation – Develop SKA costing model – Develop NAA site proposal for SKA-high CFP (in 2018 or later) – Preparation for SKA-high Astro2020 proposal – Preparation for SKA-high construction 2022+

9. NAA Timeline ● 2009 – Form NRAO SKA Program Office ● 2010 – NRAO-MeerKAT collaboration start ● 2011 – Submit TDP-II NSF proposal ● 2012 – Begin TDP-II ● 2015 – Complete TDP-II ● 2015 – NAA-PAS decision point, proposal ● 2016 – NAA-PAS production readiness ● 2018 – NAA-PAS construction complete ● 2019 – NAA-PAS testing complete, A2020

10. Other aspects ● NRAO SKA Program Office ● NRAO MeerKAT collaboration (w/MOU) ● Possible NRAO ATA collaboration ● Connection to SKA-mid – Augment antenna evalution in 2011-2012 (probably 1yr of extra TDP-II ~ $4M) – Testing using NAA-PAS + EVLA ● Revisit SKA-high science case ~2015-2019 – next decade “knowledge explosion”

11. Comments and Issues ● Science case – room for improvement! – new cases, e.g. the CO Cosmic Web ● TDP-II scope and organization – intent: organized as TDP-I with USSKA – more direct NRAO involvement/funding – international participation? – need to propose in 2011 (or 2010) ● NRAO and SKA and NAA (also Fred's talk) – EVLA personnel available after 2012

12. Supplementary Slides ● FYI

13. NAA Proposed Cost Breakdown ● Table 7.1 from PPP submission (Myers et al.)

14. SKA Timeline ● SKA “official” timeline – 2012-2013 TDP-I and PrepSKA complete – 2012-2013 EVLA, ASKAP, MeerKAT complete – 2013 SKA-mid infrastructure emplacement – 2018 SKA-mid Phase 1 complete – 2018-2020 SKA-high site selection – 2018-2019 SKA Astro2020 preparation – 2022-2023 SKA-high start – 2023 SKA-mid complete