1. Peritoneum
广西医科大学人体解剖学教研室 April 2003

2. peritoneum
The peritoneum is a large continous sheet of serous membrane in the body, and consists of a closed sac, a part of which lines the abdominal wall is named parietal layer; the remainder is reflected over the contained visceria constitutes the visceral layer.

3. peritoneal cavity
The parietal and visceral layer of the peritoneum are in actual contact; the potential space between them is the peritoneal cavity. Inside the peritoneal cavity, the free surface of the membrane is smooth by a thin film of serous fluid.
In the male, the peritoneal cavity is a closed sac; in the female the lateral ends of the uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity.

4. I. The Relationship Between Viscera and Peritoneum
The intraperitoneal viscera:
Stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, spleen, ovaries, uterine tubes and superior part of the duodenum.
The interperitoneal viscera:
Liver, gallbladder, urinary bladder, uterus, upper part of the rectum, ascending and descending colon.
The retroperitoneal viscera:
Kidneys, ureters, suprarenal glands, pancreas, the lower part of the rectum, descending and inferior part of the duodenum.

5. The Peritoneal Reflection
The peritoneal reflection include: omentum, mesenteries, ligaments, folds, recesses, pouches and fossae.
Many of them contain the blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that from the abdominal wall passed to viscera.

6. I) The omentum
Broad peritoneal sheet associated with stomach are termed omemta. There are two omenta, the lesser and greater.
The lesser omentum
The greater omentum
The omental bursa

7. II) The mesenteries and mesocolons
1. The mesentery (of the small intestine) It is a broad, fan-shaped fold of peritoneum connecting the coils of jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall.

9. The radix (root) of mesentery is the portion attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen.

10. 2. The mesoappendix (mesentery of the appendix)

11. 3. The transverse mesocolon (mesentery of the transverse colon)

12. 4. The sigmoid mesocolon (mesentery of the sigmoid colon)

13. III) The ligaments 1. The ligments of the liver Coronary ligament
Left triangular ligament
Right triangular ligament
Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres hepatis

14. Ligament venosum
Left triangular ligament
Ligamentum teres hepatis

15. Posterior coronary ligament
Anterior coronary ligament

16. Hepatogastric lig.
Omentum
Hepatodudenal lig.

17. 2. The ligaments of the spleen
Gastiosplenic lig.
Splenorenal lig.
Hepatorenal recess

18. 3. The ligaments of the stomach
Hepatogastric lig.
Gastrocolic lig.

19. Gastrocolic lig.

20. 4. The suspensory ligament of the duodenum
Ligament of Treitz it is a fold containing the suspensory muscle of duodenum.

21. IV) The peritonal recesses, pouches, fossae and folds
1. The recesses
(1) The duodenal recesses

22. (2) The cecal recesses

23. (3) The intersigmoid recess

24. (4) The hepatorenal recess

25. 2. The pouches Rectouterine pouch Rectovesical pouch
Vesicouterine pouch

26. 3. The folds and fossa Median umbilical fold Medial umbilical fold
Median umbilical lig.
Lateral umbilical fold
Medial umbilical lig.
Lateral umbilical fossa
Inferior epigastric a.
Medial umbilical fossa
Supravesical fossa
Urinary bladder

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