1. MORPHOLOGY COURSE SPRING TERM 2016

2. Word Formation Inflection VS. Derivation
Inflection: the process of producing new inflectional (grammatical) categories, e.g. tense, person, plural, etc.
Make – Makes
Cat – Cats
Walk – Walked
Drink - Drinking

3. Word Formation Inflectional suffixes (endings): {-s1} Plural (dogs);
{-s2} Genitive (dog’s);
{-s3} Third person present (walks);
{-ed1} Past tense (walked);
{-ed2} Past participle (perceived);
{-ing} Present participle (walking);
{-er} Comparative (sweeter);
{-est} Superlative (sweetest)….

4. Word Formation
Derivation: the process of producing new lexemes (organize- organization...)
Some of English derivational patterns:
adjective-to-noun: -ness (calm → calmness)
adjective-to-verb: -ize (formal → formalize)
adjective-to-adjective: -ish (blue → blu(e)ish)
adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → personally)
noun-to-adjective: -al (economy → economical)
noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify)

5. Word Formation Some of English derivational patterns:
verb-to-adjective: -able (read → readable)
verb-to-noun 1: -ance (perform → performance)
verb-to-noun 2: -er (sing → singer)
Ex. Provide your own examples to illustrate the above-mentioned patterns!

6. Word Formation
Root vs. Stem vs. Base
ROOT form which is not further analysable (either in terms of derivation or inflection)
STEM morpheme(s) to which an inflectional affix is added
BASE morpheme(s) to which affixes of any kind can be added (any root or stem can be termed a base)

7. Word Formation
Ex. Identify the roots in the following examples: Knowingly Brainlessness Insufferable Actions Disinherited

8. Word Formation
Ex. Identify the stems in the following words: Unbuckles Tightened Consultants Recovered Sisters Mother‘s

9. Word Formation Affixes : Collective term for bound morphemes!
Suffixes/Infixes/Prefixes
Suffixes – affixes which follow the base
(e.g. table – tables, kick – kicked, etc.)
Prefixes – affixes which precede the base
(e.g. untidy, dishonest, etc.)