2. UNIT 8 Present Perfect: Since and For Bill Gates and Microsoft

3. Who is Bill Gates? Bill Gates is one of the richest and most successful business executives in the world. Millions of people have used his computer programs for the past three decades. Bill Gates has always loved working with computers. In fact, he has programmed computers since his early teens. He has been the CEO of Microsoft Corporation since 1975. Since then, Bill Gates has written several books and has given billions of dollars to schools. For the last several years, he and his wife Melinda have donated a substantial amount of money to organizations working in global health.

4. Form 1 The present perfect is formed with: + form of have past participle have used Many people have used Microsoft’s programs. has been Bill Gates has been the CEO since 1975.

5. Form 2 regular irregular Past participles can be regular or irregular. loved Gates has always loved working with computers. The regular form of the past participle is base form of verb + -d or -ed. The regular form of the past participle is base form of verb + -d or -ed.

6. Form 3 There are many irregular past participles. There are many irregular past participles. Past participles can be regular or irregular. have given He and his wife have given lots of money to schools. has been Gates has been the CEO since 1975.

7. Form 4 common irregular past participles Note these common irregular past participles. write – written give – given be – been see – seen read – read do – done

8. Bill Gates has been CEO of Microsoft since 1975. Present Perfect future 1975 past now since 1975. has been CEO Use the present perfect to talk about something that began in the past and continues into the present (and may continue into the future).

9. Bill Gates has written several books since 1975. Using Since 1 Use the present perfect with since + point in time to show when something started. future 1975 past now since 1975. has written several books

10. Gates has programmed computers since he was 13 years old. Using Since 2 Since Since can also introduce a time clause. future age 13 past now since he was 13 years old. has programmed computers time clause time clause

11. Change the sentences to present perfect. Add the since phrase in parentheses and delete any past tense time phrases. Maria was in the garden yesterday. since (since 9 a.m.) Maria has been in the garden since 9 a.m. since 1975) 1. Bill Gates wrote many e-mails yesterday. (since 1975) since 1990) 2. They gave a lot of books to schools last year. (since 1990) since I came home) 3. I saw many friends last weekend. (since I came home) since last August) 4. My sister read many articles last night. (since last August) since 2003) 5. My friend worked at a pizza place a year ago. (since 2003) Example: Bill Gates has written many e-mails since 1975. They have given a lot of books to schools since 1990. I have seen many friends since I came home. My sister has read many articles since last August. My friend has worked at a pizza place since 2003. Practice 1

12. Millions of people have used Gates’s software for the last three decades. Using For Use for + length of time to show how long something has lasted. futurepast now for the last three decades. have used Gates’s software for three decades

13. sincefor Note the difference between since and for. five o’clock yesterday last summer 1996 he was a child since + point in time for + length of time ten minutes two days three decades many years a long time Since and For

14. Complete the sentences with since or for. Bill Gates has been married to Melinda French Gates ___________ 1994. 1. Computers have been used in schools __________ more than a decade. 2. I have had a computer in my office __________ the mid- 1990s. 3. Many students have worked with computers __________ many years. 4. My computer hasn’t given me any problems __________ last year. Example: since for since for since Practice 2

15. Practice 3 Hamad has visited Manchester since 2007. Abdulla has attended the ELP since last semester. Husain has written about his family since last year. Mosa has lived in Florida since 2013. Catalina has loved giraffes since she was a kid. Mohammed has had a Samsung Galaxy for two years. Van has been in the U.S. for two weeks. Hanh Le has learned English for 5 years. Carmen’s husband has bought flowers for St. Valentine’s Day every year since they were together.

16. Practice 4 Lucas has played tennis since he was 7 years old. Anxhelo hasn’t eaten BUREK for one year. Turki has studied English for 9 months. Faris has been married since 2011. Nassar has been a cook since 2011. Giovanna has lived with her friend for 3 months. Mohammed has liked sports cars since 2010.

17. Practice Adda has worn glasses since 2010. Yousef has studied English for one year. Tram has driven a car since last year. Khawlah has lived in the U.S. since she got married. Brandon has liked working out since 2013. Karina has worked in consulting for five years. Tam hasn’t celebrated Lunar New Year with her family for three years. Has Carlos played soccer since 2012? What has Evette done since she graduated? How long have you been here?