2. MAP 21.1 Immigration to the United States, 1901–20

3. Reasons Economic reasons – jobs Avoiding military service Chance to move up the social ladder Voyage was steerage on steamships Ellis Island New York harbor Health inspections Settled in the country’s largest cities

4. Newly landed European immigrant families on the dock at Ellis Island in New York harbor, 1900. Originally a black and white photograph, this image was later color tinted for reproduction as a postcard or book illustration. SOURCE:The Granger Collection,New York.

5. The intersection of Orchard and Hester Streets on New York’s Lower East Side, photographed ca. 1905. Unlike the middle classes, who worked and played hidden away in offices and private homes, the Jewish lower-class immigrants who lived and worked in this neighborhood spent the greater part of their lives on the streets. SOURCE:Oil over a photograph.The Granger Collection (4E534.23).

6. Reasons 1848 Gold Rush (Chinese) 1850 Taiping Rebellion (Chinese) 1860s Central Railroad (Chinese) Disrupted economy in Japan (Japanese) Angel Island San Francisco Bay, California Dormitories, detention barracks

7. Extreme dislike for immigrants by native-born people and desire to limit immigration American Protective Association (Anti-Catholic) Workingman’s Party of California (anti-Chinese) Chinese Exclusion Act Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years Prevented citizenship