1. Road to Revolution

2. French and Indian War/Seven Years War Ceded Salutary Neglect Duties Navigation Acts Mercantilism Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Acts Patriots/Whigs Continental Army Loyalists/Tories Red Coats/Lobsterbacks Sons and Daughters of Liberty Boston Massacre Tea Act

3. Boston Tea Party Edenton Tea Party Intolerable Acts Boycott Quarter Mecklenburg Resolves Minutemen Halifax Resolves Frigate Rifling Guerilla Tactics NC Confiscation Acts Treaty of Paris

4. European nations were competing for: – World resources – Military strength – Political superiority

5. Also called War for Independence Officially started in 1775 in Lexington and Concord Massachusetts Caused America to separate from Great Britain Ended in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris

6. The French and Indian War The Navigation Acts and Mercantilism Salutary Neglect The Sugar Act The Stamp Act The Townshend Acts Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Acts

7. The French and Indian War- 1754 Rivalry between the French and British Part of Europe’s “Seven Years War” 1756-1763 Who will control North America? British, colonists, and Native American allies fought French and Native American allies The land in dispute was west of the British colonies. This land was previously protected as “Indian Country”

9. The French and Indian War—1754 Great Britain’s national debt nearly doubled during the war British expected Americans to help pay for protection

10. -Countries across the ocean from their colonies were not always good at enforcing laws and taxes. -The colonies were used to a more lax English leadership. When they were suddenly focused on by the King and taxes were enforced and added, the colonists felt too controlled. Duties- taxes

11.  Controlled all trade within England’s Empire  Enforced Mercantilism - the idea that a country should export (sell) as much as possible and import (buy) as little as possible, and therefore store up as much money as possible.

12. Colonies provide raw materials England creates/builds products out of raw materials England sells goods for profit and with tax to other countries, AND their own colonies!!! Colonists feel like they are not part of England and are NOT HAPPY about paying more for things they could make.

13.  North Carolina colonists sold rice and tobacco to England. If they wanted to buy these products, they could not do it within the colonies. They had to BUY them from England for much more money, AND with a tax attached!!!! How Did This Affect NC???

14. The Sugar Act - 1764 First attempt to raise income from the Colonies Duty (tax) on sugar and molasses. Colonists (like the English) liked sugar in their tea! Smuggling cases tried in Great Britain

15. The Stamp Act—1765 Required legal documents, magazines, playing cards, newspapers and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies to be created on officially stamped paper. This stamp was taxed and needed to be paid for in British currency, not the paper money produced in the colonies. British and American merchants alike resented these restrictions because it changed the smooth economic trade flow.

16. The Townshend Acts—1767 Import duties on tea, lead, glass, and paint colors (again…had to be paid in British coin, not American paper money). Money used to pay royal governors in the colonies After these taxes were enacted, the colonists really began to push the “No taxation without representation” idea. Townshend

17. Choosing Sides Patriots – Supported the Revolution Politically, they were known as the Whigs Continental Army=Patriot Soldiers Loyalists/Tories – Americans who supported the King Red Coats/ Lobsterbacks – British Army

18.  Secret organization of men and women Patriots who would protest and take legal OR illegal action against the British in the effort to gain freedom from British tyranny.  Formed after the Sugar Act  Like other secret clubs at the time, the Sons and Daughters of Liberty had many rituals. They had secret code words, medals, and symbols.

19. Some activities included: - ransacking houses of British officials. -Threats and intimidation against tax collectors, causing many to flee town. -Images of unpopular British/governmental figures might be hanged and burned in effigy on the town's LIBERTY TREE. -Offenders might be covered in warm tar and blanketed in a coat of feathers.

20. This “Join or Die” engraving was created by Ben Franklin during the French and Indian War to support the idea of colonial government. It accompanied the Albany Plan of Union proposition of 1754.

22. Boston Massacre—1770 Crowd of colonists verbally threaten British soldiers British open fire killing five Americans including an African American runaway slave named Crispus Attucks. He was the first to fall.

23.  Paul Revere (a silversmith and avid Patriot) immediately created an engraving to be spread throughout the colonies by Benjamin Franklin’s “Night Riders.”  As Postmaster General, Franklin had created the Night Riders as a fast way to spread news throughout the colonies.  This engraving depicted a bloody massacre, which had the colonists up in arms.

26. Using Word or Publisher, create a piece of Revolutionary Wartime Propaganda. Your propaganda may target the British or the Patriots. Your propaganda must have a compelling picture, and sayings or slogans to help make your point. You MUST mention at least 1 of the events/laws/acts we have learned about so far.

27. Tea Act Lowered the tea tax paid by The East India Company (a large British trading company) when it fell on hard times Actually made tea cheaper in the colonies because the E. India company could sell it for less But, many colonists viewed the act as yet another example of taxation tyranny because it left an earlier duty on tea entering the colonies in place, while removing the duty on tea entering England. It taxed the colonists, but not the British.

28.  Organized by the Sons of Liberty and Patriot leader Samuel Adams, colonists boarded 3 tea trading ships, some dressed as Mohawk Indians and dumped tea cases into Boston harbor.  The tea would have been worth about 1 million dollars today! Boston Tea Party 1773

29. -Oct 25, 1774 -One of the earliest organized women’s political actions in United States history. - 51 women in Edenton, NC signed a petition to King George stating that they were “determined to give memorable proof of their patriotism” and boycott tea and other British goods until the unfair taxes were lifted. - Was surprising to the British who were not used to women rallying and uniting to political cause.

30. A British political satire meant to criticize the ladies of the Edenton Tea Party. The caption reads “A Society of Patriotic Ladies.” Look at the picture. What messages are hidden in this satire?

31. The Intolerable Acts—1774 In response to the Boston Tea Party and other violence against England Closed the Port of Boston American town meetings banned British officials in trouble sent to Great Britain for trial. They could not be tried in the colonies. Required colonists to quarter (house) British troops.

32. In response, the first Continental Congress was held. 56 Delegates Included George Washington, Patrick Henry and Sam Adams Met in Philadelphia – 1774

33. Colonists Agreed To: Boycott (refuse to buy) British goods Arm themselves and form militias Appeal to the king about the injustice being served to them. Also, requested formal representation in British government.

34. Roles -Prime Minister -Scribe for discussion -Scribe for proposal to the King -Parliament Members As a group, decide how your “Parliament” would handle such matters. When you are finished discussing, write up a proposal to the King. In the proposal, each subject should be a paragraph in length. This will cover each proposed solution, how to carry it out, and why it will work.

35. Parliament Discussion Questions -How will we pay for the French and Indian War but still keep the colonies happy? -How shall we tax the colonies? What kind of fair taxes could be implemented on trade, etc? -How should goods produced in the colonies be handled? What rights should the colonies have to these goods? -How should we address the colonists’ demand of representation in the government without offending the English nobility that currently are the only ones that hold positions of power?

36. King George III Refused To: Allow American colonist representation in Parliament Respond to complaints and grievances set forth from the colonists King George III

37.  May 31 st, 1775 (14 months before Declaration of Independence)  Document issued in Mecklenburg City (Charlotte) which said its citizens no longer had to obey the British laws, and would be stockpiling weaponry as part of the rebellion.

38. “The Shot Heard Round the World” American colonists stockpiled weapons in Concord, Massachusetts 800 British troops marched through Lexington on the way to Concord Paul Revere: “The British are coming!”

40. The Armed Militia Colonial early response militia, known as the “Minutemen” trained and prepared throughout the colonies. Spring 1775 – King George III orders British Gen. Thomas Gage to arrest colonial military leaders and seize the stockpiles of illegal weaponry between Boston and Concord.

41.  Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott ride out to spread the word that 700 British troops are marching on the colonies. Signals Helped Spread the Word  Lights in church towers (one if by land, two if by sea)  Church bells rung and shots fired to warn those in the immediate area.  Revere, Dawes, and Prescott would ride to warn those on the outskirts of Boston.  Colonial messengers would ride to spread word throughout the colonies.

42. Lexington Famous Quote “Stand your ground, don’t fire unless fired upon. But if they mean to have a war, let it begin here!” — Captain Parker Single click the speaker icon to hear the clip >>>>

43.  Gage’s troops reach Lexington, Massachusetts  The British troops encounter about 70 colonial minutemen on the village green.  The colonists are ordered to lay down their weapons and leave.  The colonists begin to leave without laying down their weapons. April 19, 1775 Lexington and Concord

44.  A shot is fired. It is unknown which side fired the first shot. “The Shot Heard Round the World”- Signaled the beginning of the war.  The result; 8 minutemen killed, 10 minutemen wounded; only 1 British soldier wounded.  This becomes known as the Battle of Lexington, the first battle of the Revolutionary War.

45.  The British march on to Concord, 5 miles away and find an empty arsenal. After a brief skirmish with minutemen, the British line up to march back to Boston.  This march back to Boston quickly becomes a slaughter.  Between 3,000 - 4,000 minutemen fire on the British troops from behind stone walls and trees (guerilla warfare).  Dozens of British soldiers are killed and the surviving British troops make it back to Boston in humiliation.

46.  A document created by NC.  It was the 1st state to call for all colonies to declare INDEPENDENCE from England (April 12, 1776)

47. The Halifax Resolution The Select Committee taking into Consideration the usurpations and violences atttempted and committed by the King and Parliament of Britain against America, and the further Measures to be taken for frustrating the same, and for the better defence of this province reported as follows, to wit, It appears to your Committee that pursuant to the Plan concerted by the British Ministry for subjugating America, the King and Parliament of Great Britain have usurped a Power over the Persons and Properties of the People unlimited and uncontrouled; and disregarding their humble Petitions for Peace, Liberty and safety, have made divers Legislative Acts, denouncing War, Famine and every Species of Calamity against the Continent in General. That British Fleets and Armies have been and still are daily employed in destroying the People and commiting the most horrid devastations on the Country. That Governors in different Colonies have declared Protection to Slaves who should imbrue their Hands in the Blood of their Masters. That the Ships belonging to America are declared prizes of War and many of them have been violently sized and confiscated in consequence of which multitudes of the people have been destroyed or from easy Circumstances reduced to the most Lamentable distress. And whereas the moderation hitherto manifested by the United Colonies and their sincere desire to be reconciled to the mother Country on Constitutional Principles, have procured no mitigation of the aforesaid Wrongs and usurpations, and no hopes remain of obtaining redress by those Means alone which have been hitherto tried, Your Committee are of Opinion that the house should enter into the following Resolve to wit, Resolved that the delegates for this Colony in the Continental Congress be impowered to concur with the delegates of the other Colonies in declaring Independency, and forming foreign Alliances, reserving to this Colony the Sole, and Exclusive right of forming a Constitution and Laws for this Colony, and of appointing delegates from time to time (under the direction of a general representation thereof) to meet the delegates of the other Colonies for such purposes as shall be hereafter pointed out.  Adopted by the Provincial Congress of North Carolina on April 12, 1776.

48. HALIFAX RESOLVES-NCDEC. OF INDEPENDENCE-US Purpose Recommendation that NC and other colonies declare independence from England Declaration of independence from England and formation of the United States of America Author(s) Cornelius Harnett, T. Burke, A. Jones, A. Nash, John Kinchem, T. Person Thomas Jefferson Date April 12, 1776 July 4, 1776 Signers Delegates to the Fourth Provincial Congress in North Carolina Delegates to the Continental Congress-William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn Main Parts1. Empower NC delegates to declare independence from England with other colonies 2. Listing of complaints against King and Parliament 3. Colonists have tried to resolve differenences 1. Preamble-explain basic rights of all people 2. Body – LISTING OF GRIEVANCES 3. Formal Resolution of Independence from England

49. Met in Philadelphia Gave King George “Olive Branch Petition” (final offer for peace) which he rejects. Decided to officially separate from Britain Committee selected to draft the reasons for separation Thomas Jefferson selected to write document Second Continental Congress

50. The Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson It is the “Birth Certificate of the United States” Document listed rights and grievances against King George III https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=A_56cZGRMx4https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=A_56cZGRMx4 “Too Late to Apologize”- Declaration Style

51. The Declaration Has 4 Sections 1. Preamble 2. Declaration of rights 3. List of Grievances 4. Resolution

52. Key Quotes in the Declaration “We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal” “That they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights” “That among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETroXvRFoKY Above link is actors and actresses reading the Declaration of Independence.

53. The Declaration of Independence John Hancock (leader of Congress) first to sign in large print. John Hancock is now synonamous with the term signature. Anyone who signed it and was caught would be hanged for treason. July 4 th, 1776, Congress approves the Declaration and it is sent out for reproduction and printing. Hancock

54.  “We must all now hang together, or most assuredly we will all hang separately." —Benjamin Franklin http://www.ushistory.org/DECLARATION/SIGN ERS/INDEX.HTM Use this link to research the men that signed the Declaration of Independence. Create a small informative poster about this signer. Make sure to include a picture, birth and death date, what colony he represents, brief bio, and his prior accomplishments. **Make sure everything is in YOUR own words.

55. War

56. General George Washington: High Commander of American Forces (had gained leadership experience in the French and Indian War) Baron Von Steuben Gen. Nathanael Greene: Top Strategist Gen. Henry Knox: Artillery Expert Gen. Benedict Arnold: High Commander under Washington Military Leaders—American Greene Knox Washington

57. General Charles Cornwallis General John Burgoyne Gen. Benedict Arnold (name has become synonymous with traitor). Gen. William Howe All considered America one of the worst places to serve British Leaders Burgoyne Cornwallis Arnold

58. The War at Sea Colonial Navy authorized by Continental Congress October 13, 1775 Approximately 3,000 men enlisted—America made 13 Frigates Most, if not all, were destroyed or captured

59. British Army- most powerful in world Also well-equipped with weapons Revolutionary Armies – The British Highly trained and disciplined for war on land or high seas Disciplined Strongest navy

60. Revolutionary Armies Americans shot more accurately with the invention of the Long Rifle, which used rifling (spiral grooves in the gun barrel) to send out a spiraling bullet. These spiraling bullets had much more accuracy. British carried three days provisions, colonists could re-supply with aid in towns British gear weighed about 100 pounds. The colonists were not weighed down.

61. Patriot Army knew lay of the land British were used to traditional warfare, where armies met and shot at each other in regimented lines. Patriots practiced “guerilla” tactics, ambush, and the practice of taking out officers. Patriot militias wore colors that helped them blend into the woods.

62. Fort Ticonderoga—1775 Same day as 2 nd Continental Congress Important strategic location in New York Ethan Allen and his 125 Green Mountain Boys Militia flag of the Green Mountain Boys (New York)

63. Ticonderoga Massachusetts troops under the command of Benedict Arnold and Connecticut troops under the command of Ethan Allen seize the British fort at Ticonderoga The Fort was taken without firing a shot British officers and women and children were captured Cannons were taken from Ticonderoga to Boston by Henry Knox: American Army top artillery commander

64.  Britain’s General Gage sends 2,400 soldiers to attack Boston militiamen at what was believed to be Bunker Hill.  Due to the mis-identification of the battle location, the fighting actually occurred at nearby Breed’s Hill. Nevertheless, this battle goes down in history as the Battle of Bunker Hill.  British make serious tactical mistake  The colonists have the advantage of being able to fire down the hill upon the charging British soldiers. Battle of Bunker Hill

65.  The colonists hold their fire until the last minute and then begin to mow down the advancing British soldiers. Orders are given not to shoot “until you see the whites of their eyes.”  The British succeed in taking the hill but lose over 1,000 men in the fight.  The colonists lose 450 men.  “Bunker Hill” becomes the deadliest battle of the Revolutionary War

66. Choose a Revolutionary War Battle from this website. You will find it under class links. Create a poster to inform people about this battle. You must include:  4 pictures  Who was involved?  What happened?  When did it occur?  Why was it fought?  Which side was victorious? http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/battles.as px

67.  Commander Richard Caswell positioned his troops on one side of Moore’s Creek Bridge to prevent Loyalist forces from traveling to rendezvous with larger forces on the coast, near Brunswick, NC.  British found out about the force, but decided to attempt to cross the bridge anyway, thinking the Patriots would be easy to beat.  The British were swiftly cut down by a barrage of Patriot musket and cannon fire. Richard Caswell, who led the Patriots to victory at Moores Creek, later served as North Carolina’s first and fifth governor.

68. 1776-1783 -Passed by the General Assembly of North Carolina -Demanded all lands owned by Loyalists to the Crown to be confiscated by the state.

69. Battles of Trenton and Princeton—1776 Attack on British the day after Christmas Washington crossed the Delaware River with his soldiers in the Winter and launched a surprise attack. Approximately 1000 German soldiers fighting for the British were captured.

70. Trenton & Princeton They also defeated Cornwallis’s reinforcements. American casualties were only four. Washington cleared the British from central New Jersey.

71. Battle of Saratoga – 1777 The turning point of the war The biggest American victory at the time Approximately 5,000 British surrender to Washington

72.  After the American victory at Saratoga, France changed its policies.  Feb. 1778 France and America formed an alliance  France declared war on Britain the next month  Spain declared war on Britain in 1779  Spanish governor Bernardo de Galvez chased British troops out of Louisiana and Florida.

73. Valley Forge – 1777-1778 Valley Forge was the site of the 1777-78 winter encampment of the Continental Army Briefly provided refuge American Army ran out of food and clothing Supplies ran out, smallpox began to spread and many died People who tried to desert were shot

74.  Washington faced a difficult choice: whether or not to inoculate/vaccinate his Army against Smallpox.  Inoculation was still a new concept.  Soldiers would develop a mild case of the disease which most would survive.  They would then be immune. 3 problems –  Vaccinated soldiers could transmit smallpox until fully recovered, so vaccination program could trigger an uncontrollable epidemic.  The vaccinated soldiers would be unfit for duty for weeks while recovering  As many as 2% of his Soldiers could die. If the British attacked while the men were out of commission, the Army could be destroyed.  His decision to vaccinate ultimately helped the rebel cause.

75. Baron Friedrich von Steuben helped Washington drill troops at Valley Forge into tactically savvy fighting machines. He was once a Prussian army officer. The Prussians were renowned to have the most highly skilled army in the world. Worked directly with soldiers, which was not typical for officers.

76. Albigence Waldo “The army which has been surprisingly healthy hitherto, now begins to grow sickly…I am sick—discontented—and out of humor.” — Albigence Waldo (1777) Single click the speaker icon to hear the clip >>>>

77.  Occurred in current day Lincoln County, NC  British and Colonial militia men fought at the site of Ramsour Mill  No regular army forces participated, rather this was a battle “fought by neighbors.”  400 colonial Patriots triumphed over 1,300 Loyalists.  Hurt British Morale

78.  Patriot militias planned to attack Loyalist Major Patrick Fergusson and his militia.  He learned about this and tried to retreat to join Cornwallis’s forces at the border of S.C.  The Patriot militias mounted a surprise attack as they traveled, killing Fergusson and many Loyalist fighters.  Greatly raised the Patriots' morale.  With Ferguson dead and his Loyalist militia destroyed, Cornwallis was forced to abandon his plan to invade North Carolina and retreated into South Carolina.

79. "I never saw such fighting since God made me. The Americans fought like demons" -Lt. General Charles, Earl Cornwallis -Major General Nathanael Greene led 4,500 soldiers and militiamen faced -1,900 British soldiers. -The British had a narrow victory-Green withdrew his troops to save lives for later fighting. Cornwallis lost ¼ of his army that day. -Weakened his force for the Battle of Yorktown.

80. Battle of Yorktown—1781 French blockade aided this final battle Escape for the British was impossible British General Cornwallis faced American forces approximately twice his size. He was surrounded.

82. Yorktown Approximately 8,700 British troops surrendered General Benjamin Lincoln accepted the surrender sword British bands played “The World has Turned Upside Down” Cornwallis’s Articles of Capitulation- Surrender Oct. 19 1781

83. 1783: The Treaty of Paris officially ends the Revolutionary War The Treaty of Paris

84. The Treaty of Paris—1783 Set many geographic borders, including U.S. and Canada Florida was returned to Spain British merchants must be paid for lost items Loyalists must be paid for lost property

85. Penalties inflicted on Loyalists Some Loyalists were “tarred and feathered” and put on ships bound for Canada or Great Britain The Aftermath:

86.  More land for colonists because LOYALISTS (TORIES) left to go back to England  More freedom of RELIGION because Church of England was gone  More equal rights for BLACKS -after revolution almost all northern states abolished slavery BUT two problems among others still existed:  a. WOMEN still had no citizenship  b. BLACKS still could not vote even in northern states

87.  Shining example to OPPRESSED peoples everywhere  Endangered monarchy and upper class privileges  French Revolution (1789)- “Shot Heard Round the World”