3. The Jazz Age

4. President Harding -handsome, popular, lots of corrupt friends in his administration -promises a “return to normalcy”

5. A RETURN TO NORMALCY: -Return to life as it had been before World War I, before the Progressive Era.

6. TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL: -There were many scandals in Harding’s Administration involving Harding’s friends. -Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, allowed private businesses to drill oil on public land in exchange for bribes. He was jailed.

7. Foreign Affairs (Foreign Policy)

8. ISOLATIONISM: -The U.S. wanted to focus on domestic affairs and stay out of international/European affairs. -Didn’t want other countries influencing U.S. policy decisions. -The U.S. did not join the League of Nations, but sent observers.

9. DISARMAMENT: -The U.S. did work with other nations to disarm. -Disarmament = reducing a nation’s military and weapons -Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)= over 60 nations agreed to ban war (no enforcement, however)

10. Harding died in office in 1923. Calvin Coolidge (V.P.) became President.

11. Economic Boom

12. -Following WW I factories began switching from making war materials to making new consumer goods.

13. Harding/Coolidge Policies: -Harding and Coolidge believed that the economy would be strong if businesses were successful. -They cut government regulations.

14. “Coolidge Prosperity” -Americans enjoyed good economic times. -The amount of consumer goods produced doubled. -People bought the new goods, wages rose, and the economy improved.

15. Boom in the Automobile Industry

16. The assembly line leads to mass production

17. -Cost of a Ford car in late 20s : $290

19. Auto Industry Increased need for: -roads -steel -rubber -glass -gasoline -paint -restaurants -motels

20. Electricity Transforms Society: Modern electric appliances made daily lives easier. Gave people more leisure time.

21. vacuum cleaner toaster washing machine electric fan electric refrigerator New Goods

22. Installment buying: -Americans buy appliances on credit. They can “buy now, pay later.” -Sales skyrocket, but consumer debt skyrockets too.

23. Stock Market Boom For most of the 1920s, the market was a Bull Market.

24. -Investments in the stock market surged in the 1920’s. -Investors could buy stocks on margin (on credit) and sell the stock for a big profit after its value increased. Stock Market

25. Leisure Time: The average American now has more time and money. Americans start to look for things to do to have fun.

26. 1920’s Culture

27. Prohibition - prohibits making or selling alcohol anywhere in the U.S.

28. Prohibition: Although alcohol is illegal, people don’t stop drinking. bootlegging: illegally smuggling alcohol into the U.S. speakeasies: illegal bars

30. Gangster Al Capone

31. Women in the 1920’s 19th Amendment (1920) - gives women the right to vote

32. Changes in Women’s Fashion: shorter skirts

33. Popular Haircut: shorter hair style (the “bob”)

34. FLAPPERS -young women who rebelled against traditional behavior -bobbed hair -short skirts -smoked / drank

36. Leisure Time Activities

37. Jazz Music The Movies Radio Sports Adventure Heroes

38. FADS -flag pole sitting -wing walking -dance marathons

39. New Dance Crazes: Charleston, Lindy

40. Music Jazz - originated in New Orleans, but also popular in Kansas City, St. Louis, and Chicago -blended West African rhythms, and African American folk music

41. Jazz Music Louis Armstrong, famous Jazz trumpeter and singer, When The Saints Come Marching In

42. Duke Ellington, Jazz pianist and composer, It Don’t Mean a Thing, and Take the A Train

43. Literature F. Scott Fitzgerald author of The Great Gatsby and Bernice Bobs Her Hair

44. Ernest Hemingway author of A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises

45. The Movies Mary Pickford

46. Charlie Chaplin Rudolph Valentino

47. Harold Lloyd

48. Laurel and Hardy

49. Radio

52. Sports Spectator sports become popular. -golf, baseball, tennis, football, boxing Helen WillsBabe Ruth Bobby Jones Red Grange

53. Adventure Heroes Charles Lindbergh, famous pilot, 1 st person to cross the Atlantic on a solo flight.

54. HARLEM RENAISSANCE -A celebration of African American culture and the African American experience in the 1920s by African American artists, writers, and musicians.

55. Langston Hughes, famous poet and author, key figure in the Harlem Renaissance

57. Harlem Globetrotters

58. Signs of Trouble

59. Red Scare -After World War I, Americans fear the influence of communism. -The U.S. is suspicious of people from Europe who move to the U.S. and question U.S. policies. Look at labor unions with suspicion.

60. FEAR OF IMMIGRANTS -Many feared that immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe were communists and anarchists. -Quotas restricted immigration.

61. Sacco and Vanzetti -Accused of murder. -Very little evidence to support charge. -But both were immigrants and anarchists.

62. Sacco and Vanzetti: Sacco and Vanzetti are convicted and executed. Were jurors prejudiced against immigrants?

64. Scopes “Monkey Trial” -John Scopes jailed for teaching theory of evolution in a Tennessee public school.

65. Charles Darwin: Creates controversial Theory of Evolution.

66. Theory of Evolution: States that animals and plants evolve through a series of mutations. (Survival of the fittest).

67. The theory of evolution is controversial because it says man evolved from apes. Creationists believe God created man in his image. It sets up an urban vs. rural conflict in America. Urban = sophisticated/educated Rural = unsophisticated/uneducated

68. William Jennings Bryan Clarence Darrow

69. Scopes Monkey Trial: Scopes is found guilty. His sentence is later overturned. Teaching of evolution is still controversial.

70. Resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan -Old prejudices and new fear of immigrants leads to reemergence of the K.K.K. -4,000,000 members in the 1920s.