1. Footings & Foundation
Prepared By: (Vanani Sanket) Department of Civil Engineering B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology

2. Foundation Components
Footing

3. Foundation Components
(to attach wood stud sill plate)
(moves water away from building)
(to keep water off of foundation wall)
(separates slab from foundation wall)
(to keep water off of slab)
(to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)
(moves water away from building)

4. Foundation Types

5. Site Preparation Remove trees and any debris
Remove top soil (4-6” below surface)

6. Site Layout Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete
Layout building perimeter
Use batter boards
Establish building corners & building perimeter
Use surveying instruments

7. Excavation Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards
Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter
Don’t excavate inside soil if slab on grade
If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse
If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring

8. Pour Footings Construct formwork (if required)
Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings
(protrudes above footing to tie-into foundation wall)
Pour concrete footings
Smooth / finish surface

9. Pour Slab on Grade Install gravel base (to keep water off of slab)
Install moisture barrier (to keep water off of slab)
Install reinforcement (welded wire fabric)
Pour concrete slab
Finish slab surface

10. Pour Concrete Foundation Walls
Construct formwork (include sleeves / doors / windows)
Install reinforcement into formwork
Pour concrete foundation wall
Install anchor bolts into semi-cured concrete

11. Pour Concrete Foundation Walls
Allow concrete to cure adequately (7-10 days)
Strip forms
Apply waterproofing
Install perimeter drain tile
Backfill

12. Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls
Allow concrete footing to properly cure
Install first course of concrete block on bed of mortar
Continue to lay block on top of first course until desired height reached
Install horizontal reinforcement as courses proceed

13. Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls
Install vertical reinforcement at significant heights
Install grout into cells with vertical reinforcement
Tool joints and clean masonry
Install waterproofing

14. Rules of Thumb Footing shall be below frost line
Footing width usually 2x height
Typical size (24” wide x 12” tall)
Rebar is usually 3” from edge of concrete
Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation along the interior face of the foundation wall