1. 1 9 th Grade Computer Science Rotation Hardware

2. 2

3. 3  Central Processing Unit (CPU)  Input/Output Devices  Primary Memory  Secondary Memory  Virtual Memory  Baud Rate – Bits per Second  Motherboard  BIOS  Driver  Resolution Hardware Terms

4. 4 Hardware: Motherboard BIOS ROM Chip Battery RAM Slots CPU Auxiliary Card Connector AGP Slot

5. 5 Hardware  A computer consists of five major subsystems: 1.Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2.Primary memory - RAM 3.Secondary Memory - Storage devices 4.Input/Output devices (user interface) 5.Network connection Computer Hardware

6. 6 Computer Hardware - Subsystems pf SPEAKERS Microphone Monitor Keyboard CPU RAM NETWORK drivers Secondary Storage User Interface

7. 7 Drivers

8. 8 Operating System REQUEST Drivers DATA Epson Samsung ? Print my paper! Drivers Instruction

9. 9 iMac Motherboard

10. 10 Tape Drives – sequential access

11. 11 Intel 8080 – April 1974 8-bit processing 108 kHz (a tenth of 1 megahertz) 3500 transistors. Speed estimated at 0.5 MIPS Cost less than $100. Installed in most traffic- light controllers Intel 4004 – Nov. 1971 4-bit processing 108 kHz (a tenth of 1 megahertz) 2300 transistors. Speed estimated at 0.06 MIPS Cost less than $100. IBM 64-bit processing 1-trillionth of an inch 270 billion transistors Intel Pentium 4 – Nov. 2000 32-bit processing 1.4 MHz 55 Million transistors. 6500 MIPS Computer Hardware – CPU/Memory

12. 12 Computer Hardware – CPU/Memory

13. 13 Base 2 Position16151413121110987654321 Base Value 3276816384819240962048102451225612864 3216 8421 Number Value 0100100001101001 Total 16384 2048 64 32 8 1 Computer Hardware – CPU/Memory BinaryDecimalHexGraphic 0100 00006440 @ 0100 00016541 A 0100 00106642 B 0100 00116743 C 0100 6844 D 0100 01016945 E 0100 01107046 F 0100 01117147 G 0100 10007248 H 0100 10017349 I 0100 1010744A J 0100 1011754B K 0100 1100764C L BinaryDecimalHexGraphic 0110 00009660 ‘ 0110 00019761 a 0110 00109862 b 0110 00119963 c 0110 010010064 d 0110 010110165 e 0110 10266 f 0110 011110367 g 0110 100010468 h 0110 100110569 i 0110 10101066A j 0110 10111076B k 0110 11001086C l Base 2 Position16151413121110987654321 Base Value 3276816384819240962048102451225612864 3216 8421 Number Value Total 16384 + 2048 + 64 + 32 + 8 + 1 = 18537 10

14. 14  Computer starts in the following order: 1.Power On Self Test (POST) 2.Load BIOS (from Read Only Memory) 3.Load O/S 4.Load Applications Computer Boot Process

15. 15 Computer Hardware – Boot Sequence  Operating System DISK CPU RAM Operating System fetch O/S load O/S

16. 16 Computer Hardware – Memory/Virtual Memory  O/S  Word  Explorer  iTunes Operating System Internet Explorer MS Word CPU RAM Internet Explorer DISK aim itunes Swapping  aim

17. 17 Computer Hardware – Disk Format – Prepare disk to store data TRACK SECTOR BAD SECTOR

18. 18 1965: 228 MB 1971: 80 KB 1978: 360 KB 1987: 1.44 MB 1996: 100 MB Data Storage

19. 19 Computer Hardware – Disk

20. 20 Computer Hardware - Display  Bitmap  “Pixels” - Monitor divided into grid of Picture Elements  Image created by displaying a color in each pixel.  Refresh Rate – Number of times the screen redraws in one second.  Resolution = Total number of screen pixels 1024 x 768 is common for most screens1024 x 768 is common for most screens 1024 px 768 px 786,432 px

21. 21 Computer Hardware - Resolution

22. 22 Computer Hardware - Display 1920 px 1200 px 2,304,000 px

23. 23 1920 px 1200 px 2,304,000 px Computer Hardware - Resolution

24. 24 Computer Hardware - Display If the computer redraws every pixel on a monitor ( 1024 columns and 768 rows of pixels) 30 times a second, how many pixels get redrawn every minute? a) 23,592,960 b) 1024 x 768 x 30 c) 1024 x 768 x 60 d) More than one of the above Answer: 1024 x 768 x 30 x 60 = Answer: 1024 x 768 x 30 x 60 = 1,415,577,600

25. 25 Computer Hardware - Display  Color  Created by combining different amounts of primary colors Red, Green and Blue (RGB)  Color Depth = Number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel. So… R = 8 bits G = 8 bits B = 8 bitsR = 8 bits G = 8 bits B = 8 bits 11111111 11111111 1111111111111111 11111111 11111111 256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 possible colors256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 possible colors Color Wheel

26. 26 Computer Hardware – Modem Speed

27. 27 Computer Hardware – Modem Speed

28. 28 Computer Build Back Power Supply Hard Disk CD-ROM CPU Motherboard RAM

29. 29 Computer Build Power Supply Hard Disk CD-ROM Auxiliary cards CPU Motherboard Data Connectors Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

30. 30 Computer Build Hard Disk CD-ROM FRONT Floppy Disk

31. 31 Computer Build Hard Disk CD-ROM Floppy Disk Power Connector

32. 32 Computer Build Hard Disk CD-ROM Audio Power Connectors Data Connectors

33. 33 Computer Build Motherboard Power Connector Fan/Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

34. 34 Computer Build CPU Motherboard Power Connector Fan/Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

35. 35 Computer Build – Self Test Power Supply Hard Disk CD-ROM Auxiliary cards CPU Motherboard Data Connectors Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

36. 36 Computer Build – Self Test CPU Motherboard Power Connector Fan/Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

37. 37 Brain vs. Computer