1. Migration of Man
Our migration started 100,000 years ago until people were on every continent!

2. Paleolithic Age ENDS with the introduction of AGRICULTURE
Neolithic Age BEGINS around 10,000 BCE

3. What is the REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY new way of living:
From
Hunter-Gatherers
to Agriculture

4. Turning point an event or occurrence which causes a very significant change Example: The Agricultural Revolution was a turning point in human history.
Neolithic Age or Era a term that means “new stone age” and refers to period when humans came to live in agricultural communities Example: The Neolithic Age began nearly 10,000 years ago.

5. Agricultural Revolution (or Neolithic Revolution) a turning point that began about 10,000 years ago when humans began to live in settled communities and raise plants and animals Example: The development of new technology that allowed humans to become more efficient farmers is called the Agricultural Revolution.

6. From nomadic life . . .

7. . . . to the first farmers!

8. From Paleolithic cave dwelling

9. to permanent settlements
. . . to permanent settlements! Can you identify characteristics of Neolithic life?

10. 1. Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age)
I. Human Origins in Africa
C. Stone Ages
1. Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age)
a. Lasted from about 2.5 million B.C. to 8,000 B.C.
b. Oldest stone tools date back to this period.
c. All 5 types of early man date back to this period
… and they all were Hunter-Gatherers !
But then came a Revolution (a great change) in human behavior. Agriculture!
2. New Stone Age (Neolithic Age)
a. Lasted from about 8,000 B.C. to 3,000 B.C.
b. Cro-Magnon / Modern Man is from this period
c. Advanced tools, ability to make pottery, domestication of animals
and raised crops (AGRICULTURE) – farmed their own food!!
d. Neolithic Revolution – the great change in human behavior when humans shifted
from hunting-gathering to growing their own food (agriculture).
Always Remember
Revolution – means a dramatic transformation (change in behavior),
usually requiring great effort, but producing long-lasting changes.
i.e. Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, American Revolution 10

11. DWELLINGS: (Chart)
Permanent settlements
Community life – villages, cities developed
Division of labor
Mud brick & timber-protective
Class system began
TOOLS (chart)
Specialized tools: hoe, chisel, plough, simple boats
Polished stone tools
Tools made from bone
Woven baskets & clay pottery
Bronze tools

12. The Agricultural Revolution
The Neolithic Age is sometimes called the Agricultural Age
Nomads turned to farmers
They learned to domesticate (tame) animals
They divided the labor & had specialized jobs
They had a surplus of food
Cities grew

13. Neolithic Era Neolithic Era means the New Stone Age.
Homo Sapiens during this period:
Developed agriculture
Domesticated animals
Used advanced tools
Lived in permanent settlements

14. Hunt/Farm (chart)
Agricultural Revolution
Food surplus (food was stored)
Irrigation
Domestication of animals ~ ox-drawn carts, ploughs
Trading – specialized jobs, division of labor
Clothes (Chart)
Animal skins
Woven garments (loom)
Wool from sheep
Hand made

15. Agricultural Village Life
The Neolithic Revolution
The beginning of settled life
Control over animals
Domestication
Technology
The beginning of “progress” ~ Advanced tools such as the plow
Food Surpluses
The existence of large stockpiles of food

16. The Agricultural Revolution
The invention of the plow pulled by animals made agricultural production much more efficient than before, permitting more land to be farmed by fewer people.
Plow pulled by animals
Even larger
food surplus
This resulted in even greater food surplus.
Even greater division of labor
It also freed more people to do other types of work.

17. The Earliest Settlements
Earliest agricultural settlement in Jarmo (Iraq) settlement founded ca. 9,000 BC
Catal Hoyuk (Turkey) by 7,500 BC supporting a population of approx. 8,000

18. The Agricultural Revolution changed the way people lived!
Domestication of Animals
Agriculture (Farming)
Division of Labor (Specialization)
Growth of Cities

19. Art (Chart)
Wall paintings in towns/villages
Figurines, bronze figures
Carved statues out of stone
Face painting more detailed
Writing began
Other (chart)
Climate – warmer, more vegetation
Lived in large groups (villages)
Women had more children (farm)
Men held religious/warrior power.
Private property, wealth
Malaria, TB, Typhoid rampant

20. Catal Hoyuk Wall mural of Catal Hoyuk.
Mother goddess from Catal Huyuk.
Images courtesy of Wikipedia: ; ;
Wall mural of Catal Hoyuk.
Typical Catal Hoyuk interior (restoration).

21. Effects of Farming

22. Major differences between Paleolithic and Neolithic times:
Domestication of animals!
Development of agriculture!

23. Some archaeologists believe Jericho is over 10,000 years old!
Catal Huyuk – 7,000 BCE
Jericho and Damascus have had people living there since the beginning, but Catal Huyuk was abandoned
Damascus – 8,000 – 10,000 BCE
Jericho – 9,000 BCE

24. REVIEW Paleolithic Age – Old Stone Age (Est. 2 mil BC-9000 BC)
Hunters & Gatherers
Nomad: Moving from place to place in search for food.
Men  hunted & fished.
Woman  gathered fruits, nuts, etc.
Way of Life
Cave paintings
Stone tools & pottery
Domesticated dogs
Neolithic Age – New Stone Age (9000 BC – 3000 BC)
Farming  Neolithic Revolution
People could remain in one place.
Herding of animals – goats, sheep & cattle.
Community –
Council of Elders/Chief – made important decisions.
Warrior class
Kept possessions.

25. Double check! Stone Age Paleolithic
Period
Tools
Economy
Homes and Society
Stone Age
Paleolithic
Handmade tools and objects found in nature: clubs, sharpened stone tools, hand axe, scraper, spear, Bow and Arrow, harpoon, needle
Hunting and Gathering
Caves, huts, animal skin "tents" - single homes or small groups (less than 100 people) found mostly by rivers and lakes
Neolithic
Handmade tools and objects found in nature: chisel, hoe, reapers hook, plough, pottery, baskets, loom, boats, and weapons.
Hunting and Gathering, agriculture, fishing, and domestication of animals.
Farms and communities. Beginnings of "cities" with people living and depending upon each other.

26. The Neolithic Revolution
Another way to see it!

27. Why is this Neolithic Revolution important?
2. New Stone Age (Neolithic Age)
d. Neolithic Revolution – the great change in human behavior when humans changed
from hunting-gathering to growing their own food (agriculture).
“led to”
Cause
Effect
Why is this Neolithic Revolution important?
In order to grow crops, humans will have to “settle down” !
and wait for the seeds / crops to grow.
“Settling down” meant the first human settlements (villages and later, cities!)
Once settled, humans tamed animals (goats, cattle, pigs, sheep) > used as beasts
of burden, sources of meat protein, milk, hides and fibers for protective clothing.
Better diet & food surpluses (grain storage) > increased birth rates, decreased infant
mortality rates, increased life expectancies > population explosion
> large civilizations.
Put simply, because humans finally settled down…
the Neolithic Revolution (Agriculture) led to Civilization!
“led to”
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 27