1. Europeans Explore East

2. Role of Renaissance  Encouraged a spirit of adventure and curiosity

3. Factors of Exploration  Trading spices, silks, other luxury items  Spreading Christianity  Greed to grow rich

4. Trade Routes  Italians and Muslims controlled trade of goods from East to West Silk, nutmeg, ginger, pepper, cinnamon  Demand was high for these goods  Prices were high and profits were great for Italians and Muslims

5. Upset European Merchants  Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian merchants who then sold to European merchants  European traders did not like trade arrangements New monarchs and European merchants sought to bypass Italian merchants

6. Spread of Christianity  European countries believed they had a sacred duty to convert non-Christians throughout the world

7. God, Glory, Gold  Primary motives for exploration  God  Glory  Gold

8. Technology  Could not sail against wind  Navigation techniques needed improvements  p. 97  Caravel, astrolabe, sextant, compass, triangular sails

9. Portugal Leads Way Strong governmental support First to establish trading posts along West African coast Eventually pushed East into Indian Ocean

10. Prince Henry  Son of King  Most enthusiastic supporter of Exploration  Known as the navigator  By his death Portuguese had established trading outpost along western coast of Africa  Founded a navigation school Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, and sea captains Gathered to perfect their trade

11. Bartolomeu Dias  Sailed down coast of Africa  Storm hit  Explored eastern coast of Africa before turning home

12. Vasco de Gama  Explored eastern coast of Africa  Reached port of Calicut  Brought back cargo of pepper, cinnamon, and other spices  Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage  Gave Portugal direct sea route with Asia

13. Spain  Spanish monarchs were envious  Wanted sea and trade routes with Asia as well  Christopher Columbus convinces Spain to finance a bold plan

14. Christopher Columbus  Finding a trade route with Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic  Thought he would reach the East Indies  Voyage paved the way for European colonization of the Americas

15. Tensions Between Spain and Portugal  Portuguese believed Columbus reached Asia  Upset Spain claimed lands already discovered  Rivalry grew more tense

16. Treaty of Tordesillas  Line of Demarcation Line from north to south in Atlantic ocean dividing lands to be colonized  Spain west of line  Portugal east of line

18. Alfonso de Albuquerque  Took control of the spice trade from the Muslim and Italian merchants  Portuguese set up trading post securing much of Indian Ocean  Controlled spice islands

19.  Portugal’s success attracted the attention of the other countries

20. Dutch East India Company  Owned largest fleet of ships- 20,000  Dutch and English fleets broke up Portugal's dominance  Power to mint money, make treaties, and raise armies  Dutch drove out English

21. Dutch Trading Posts  Seized Spice Islands and Malacca from Portugal  Controlled Cape of Good Hope Resupply shop  Amsterdam became leading commercial center of Europe All Dutch goods shipped to Amsterdam

22. British in India  British had their own East India company Established outposts in India Trading Indian Cloth to Europe

23. French  East India Company  Established outpost in India Never showed much profit