1. Fair Testing

2. Which of these is a fair test? We wanted to find out how much water plants need to make them grow well. We took six germinating plants and gave them the different amounts of water each day. Three were kept on the window sill and three on top of the cupboard. We wanted to find out how long it took parachutes made of different materials to fall to the ground. We made them the same size and dropped them from the same height. We then timed how long each took to fall.

3. What is fair testing? It is only by carrying out a fair test that you can be sure that… …what you have changed… …is affecting what you measured

4. How can you tell which cup of tea has the most sugar in it? Obviously it’s the one which tastes sweetest Or is it?

5. How can you tell which cup of tea has the most sugar in it? Only if the amount (volume) of tea is the same in each cup… …and if you’ve stirred it... …and to be really sure you will also need to make sure that the tea is at the same temperature in both cups Volume, stirring and temperature are all variables

6. So what are variables? Variables are all the things that could change during an investigation In an investigation to find out which ball bounces best, what could change from one experiment to the next?  The ball  The drop height  Anything else?

7. What sort of variables are there? You should only change one thing in your experiments This called the independent variable What would it be in the bouncing experiment?

8. What sort of variables are there? The factors you keep the same in your experiments are called control variables What could they be in the bouncing experiment?

9. What sort of variables are there? As a result of your experiment your results should show something changing This is called a dependent variable What would it be in the bouncing experiment?

10. How can we get our results? Observation?

11. Which horizontal line is longer?

12. So how can we be sure of our results? Observing is important but in science there are often times when we need to measure things as well as observe them To measure things we need instruments

13. How can we get our results? What measuring instruments would you use to measure the following?  The length of a piece of string  The temperature of water in a beaker  The mass of a stone  The swing of a pendulum (time)  The volume of water in a test tube A ruler/tape measure A thermometer Scales/balance A stopwatch A measuring cylinder

14. Your experiment Which car will travel furthest? Equipment:  Block  Ramp  Car  Ruler

15. Your experiment What forces are acting on the car? Friction Gravity Upthrust?

16. What are our variables? Independent variables?  The car Control variables?  Ramp angle  Release point  Anything else? Dependent variables?  How far it travels

17. Your experiment How do we make our test fair? You must all…..  Line the ramp up with the back of the block  Line up the back of the car with the top of the ramp  Do not push the car  Measure from the end of the ramp to the back of the car

18. Repetition How many times should you repeat the test? Why?

19. Let’s do the experiment Groups Equipment Record results

20. …and the answer is…. CarDistance

21. Summary It is only by carrying out a fair test that you can be sure that… …what you have changed… …is affecting what you measured

22. How can you find out more? Do more experiments Ask your teacher Read a book What else?