1. Chapter 3
Fractions

2. The Meaning Of a Fraction
Fraction = Part of a Whole 3 4
= Numerator
Top Number?
Bottom Number?
= Denominator
Pages 67 – 68

3. What do they mean?
Numerator = number of objects that are being looked at Denominator = number of total equal parts that make up the Whole
Note: the fraction bar means to divide the numerator by the denominator
Pages 67 – 68

4. Easy Way To Remember! 3 4 Numerator = North What you have Divided by
Whole Amount
Denominator = Down
Pages 67 – 68

5. Equivalent Fractions
There are many ways to write the same fraction. These are fractions that have different numbers but are the same value. 1 2 2 4 3 6 4 8 26 52
Page 69

6. Reducing Fractions
Are the numerator and denominator both even? Divide by 2
Add the digits of the numerator separate from the digits of the denominator. Do they add up to a number that is divisible by 3? Divide by 3.
Do the numerator and the denominator end in a 0 or 5? Divide by 5
Page 70

7. Reducing Fractions You just have to try 7, 11, and 13.
A fraction in it’s lowest terms cannot be reduced.
Page 70

8. Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions2 3 9 ? 9 =
Multiply the 9 and the 2.
Then add the 3 to find the new numerator.
Page 71

9. Renaming Improper Fractions
Divide the numerator by the denominator to find the whole part. Any reminder is the fractional part.
Page 72

10. Writing Fractions as Decimals
To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator. Follow directions about where and when to round.
Pages 73 – 74

11. Writing Decimals as Fractions
The denominator of the fraction will have as many zeros as there are decimal places in the original decimal number. Don’t forget to reduce
Page 75

12. Multiplying Fractions
Multiply the numerator by the numerator and the denominator by the denominator Then reduce
Pages 76 – 77

13. Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers
Any whole number can be written as a fraction by inserting a 1 in the denominator. Then multiply as you would any other fractions
Page 78

14. Multiplying Mixed Numbers
Change the mixed number to an improper fraction. Then multiply. Before you multiply a mixed number by a whole number, convert the mixed number to an improper fraction.
Pages 79 – 80

15. Reciprocals
Write each number as a fraction. Then reverse the positions of the numerator and the denominator.
Page 81

16. Dividing Fractions
First, change the divisor (or the second fraction) to its reciprocal. Then multiply.
Pages 82 – 83

17. Dividing Mixed Numbers
First change both numbers to fractions. Next, change the divisor to its reciprocal. Then multiply fractions.
Page 84

18. Solving Equations Using Multiplication and Division
To solve a variable equation you must isolate the variable. To do this move all numbers to the other side by performing the opposite operation that is being done to both sides.
Pages 85 – 86

19. Finding Common Denominators
List the multiples of the larger number until you find a multiple of the smaller number Then calculate the numerators
Page 88

20. Comparing Fractions If the numerators are all the same
As the denominator gets bigger the fraction gets smaller
Page 89

21. Comparing Fractions Fractions that have the same denominator
compare the numerator
If they don’t have the same denominator or numerator change the fractions so they have common denominator.
Page 89

22. Adding Fractions
To add fractions with like denominators, add the numerators. The denominator stays the same. When adding fractions with different denominators, first find a common denominator. The least common denominator (LCD) is the smallest number that can be evenly be made by each denominator
Pages 90 – 91

23. Subtracting Fractions
To subtract one fraction from another, you must have like denominators.
When denominators are alike, you subtract one numerator from another.
Page 92

24. Adding Mixed Numbers Rewrite the fractions with a common denominator.
Add the whole numbers.
Then add the fractions.
Then convert the sum to a proper mixed number or a whole number
Pages 93 – 95

25. Subtracting Mixed Numbers
When subtracting mixed numbers, subtract the fraction from the fraction and the whole number from the whole number.
Be sure that the fractions have a common denominator.
Be careful to line up whole number under the whole number and fraction under fraction.
You can borrow 1 from a whole number and convert it into a fraction with equal numerator and denominator
Pages 97 – 99