1. Performance Evaluation of Drug Courts Douglas B. Marlowe, J.D., Ph.D. Treatment Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania TRI science addiction

2. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Drug Court Logic Model

3. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Drug Court Logic Model

4. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Drug Court Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria

5. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Supervision Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Treatment

6. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables* Treatment

7. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables* Treatment * Status hearings - # and % attended - # and % attended - density per month - density per month

8. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables* Treatment * Status hearings - # and % attended - density per month * Alcohol & drug screens - # and % submitted - # and % submitted - density per month - density per month

9. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables* Treatment * Sanctions & Incentives -Ratio to infractions & achievements -Ratio to infractions & achievements -Time delay -Time delay * Status hearings - # and % attended - density per month * Alcohol & drug screens - # and % submitted - density per month

10. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables* Treatment * Sanctions & Incentives -Ratio to infractions & achievements -Time delay * Status hearings - # and % attended - density per month * Other surveillance (e.g., interlock devices) * Alcohol & drug screens - # and % submitted - density per month

11. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables* Treatment

12. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables Treatment variables*

13. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables* stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model *Counseling attendance - # and % sessions - # and % sessions - density of services - density of services Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

14. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables* stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model *Counseling attendance - # and % sessions - # and % sessions - density of services - density of services *Length of stay Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

15. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables* stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model *Counseling attendance - # and % sessions - # and % sessions - density of services - density of services *Length of stay Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes *Adjunctive services - # and % sessions by type - # and % sessions by type - matched to needs - matched to needs

16. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes Logic Model Jurisdictional Characteristics stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Supervision variables Treatment variables*

17. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

18. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes *Progress reports - completeness - completeness - timeliness - timeliness

19. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes *Progress reports - completeness - completeness - timeliness - timeliness *Court liaisons - attendance - attendance

20. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes *Progress reports - completeness - completeness - timeliness - timeliness *Court liaisons - attendance - attendance *Case reviews - timeliness - timeliness - attendance - attendance

21. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

22. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes* Longer-term outcomes

23. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes* Longer-term outcomes *Completion status - % graduated - time to graduation - time to graduation

24. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes* Longer-term outcomes *Alcohol & drug screens - # and % clean - # and % clean - plotted by week - plotted by week - unexcused missing = dirty - unexcused missing = dirty *Completion status - % graduated - time to graduation - time to graduation

25. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes* Longer-term outcomes *Alcohol & drug screens - # and % clean - # and % clean - plotted by week - plotted by week - unexcused missing = dirty - unexcused missing = dirty *Completion status - % graduated - time to graduation - time to graduation *Problem days (self-report) - drugs / alcohol - medical - drugs / alcohol - medical - education - psychiatric - education - psychiatric - employment - family - employment - family - legal - legal

26. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes* Longer-term outcomes *Completion status - % graduated - time to graduation - time to graduation *Alcohol & drug screens - # and % clean - # and % clean - plotted by week - plotted by week - unexcused missing = dirty - unexcused missing = dirty *Problem days (self-report) - drugs / alcohol - medical - drugs / alcohol - medical - education - psychiatric - education - psychiatric - employment - family - employment - family - legal - legal *Consumer satisfaction - cultural competency - cultural competency

27. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

28. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-termoutcomes*

29. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes* *Re-arrest rates

30. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes* *Re-arrest rates *Problem days (self-report) - drugs / alcohol - medical - drugs / alcohol - medical - education - psychiatric - education - psychiatric - employment - family - employment - family - legal - legal

31. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes* *Re-arrest rates *Problem days (self-report) - drugs / alcohol - medical - drugs / alcohol - medical - education - psychiatric - education - psychiatric - employment - family - employment - family - legal - legal *Alcohol & drug screens

32. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

33. TRI science addiction Client variables (or risk factors) Jurisdictional Characteristics Supervision variables Treatment variables stakeholders’ expectations eligibility criteria Logic Model Coordination* Short-term outcomes Longer-term outcomes

34. Risk Factors (moderators) TRI science addiction Age (< 25 years)Age (< 25 years) Early onset substance use (< 14 years)Early onset substance use (< 14 years) Early onset crime (< 16 years)Early onset crime (< 16 years) Prior treatment failuresPrior treatment failures Substance-use severitySubstance-use severity Criminal historyCriminal history Antisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder

35. Risk Factors (moderators) TRI science addiction Age (< 25 years) Age (< 25 years) Early onset substance use (< 14 years)Early onset substance use (< 14 years) Early onset crime (< 16 years)Early onset crime (< 16 years) Prior treatment failures Prior treatment failures Substance-use severitySubstance-use severity Criminal history Criminal history Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder