1. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Chapter 4 Ecosystems & Communities Section 4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?

2. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Biotic Factors Biological influences on organisms in an ecosystemBiological influences on organisms in an ecosystem –Includes all living organisms that impact an organisms life

3. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Abiotic Factors Physical, Non-Living Factors that shape an ecosystem.Physical, Non-Living Factors that shape an ecosystem. –Climate (Precipitation & Temperature) –Nutrients –Soil –Sunlight

4. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Biotic & Abiotic Factors Key Concept: Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem. Habitat = Area Where An Organism Lives

5. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Habitat = Home

6. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Habitat = Home

7. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Habitat = Home

8. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Habitat = Home

9. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Niche The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives AND the way in which the organism uses those conditions.The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives AND the way in which the organism uses those conditions. Determined by the biotic & abiotic factors of the ecosystemDetermined by the biotic & abiotic factors of the ecosystem

10. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Niche No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat.

11. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Community Interactions Key Concept: Community Interactions, Such As Competition, Predation, and Various Forms of Symbiosis, Can Powerfully Affect An Ecosystem

12. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Competition Resource: –Any Necessity of Life: WaterNutrientsLightFoodSpace

13. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Competition Occurs When Different species attempt to use the same resource at the same place & time.Occurs When Different species attempt to use the same resource at the same place & time.

14. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Competitive Exclusion Principle No Two Species Can Occupy The Same Niche In the Same Habitat At The Same Time.No Two Species Can Occupy The Same Niche In the Same Habitat At The Same Time.

15. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Predation One organism captures and feeds on another organism. Predator = Killer/Eater Prey = The Eaten One

16. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Predation

17. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Symbiosis Refers To Two or more species living closely together. Three Different Types:Refers To Two or more species living closely together. Three Different Types:CommensalismParasitismMutualism

18. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Mutualism Both species benefit.

19. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Commensalism One benefits, the other is neither helped, nor harmed.

20. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Parasitism One organism lives on or in another organism and harms it.

21. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Ecological Succession Key Concept: Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural & human disturbances. As an ecosystem changes, older inhabitants gradually die out and new organisms move in, causing further changes in the community.

22. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Ecological Succession Primary SuccessionPrimary Succession –Pioneer Species are the first species to colonize. On rock, usually lichens –Pioneer Species build soil. Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession –Follows Pioneer Species Usually Plants

23. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Lichens Mutualistic Relationship Between Fungus & Algae or Cyanobacterium

24. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Ecological Succession Climax CommunityClimax Community –Mature, Stable Communities That Change Very Slowly.

25. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Ecological Succession In Marine CommunitiesIn Marine Communities –Whale Carcass Stage 1 Attracts scavengers & decomposersStage 1 Attracts scavengers & decomposers Stage 2 Attracts Fewer, Smaller species. Area is fertilizedStage 2 Attracts Fewer, Smaller species. Area is fertilized Stage 3 Heterotrophic bacteria & chemosynthetic autotrophsStage 3 Heterotrophic bacteria & chemosynthetic autotrophs