1. U.S HISTORY
Standard 4 review

2. USHC-4
The student will demonstrate an understanding of the industrial development and the consequences of that development on society and politics during the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries.

3. USHC 4.1
Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.

4. Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad
Railroads Impact on Business
Railroads Impact on Native Americans
Action
Impact
Acquisition of Western lands
Railroads move to build Transcontinental Railroad
Reservation system
Government Policies that aided railroad construction
1. Land Grants
Subsidies
For the Railroads…..
Cheap land
Cheap money
Transcontinental Railroad
Assimilation of the Native Americans

5. Transcontinental Railroad Rise of New Industries
Building the
Transcontinental Railroad
Rise of New Industries
1. Coal
2. Steel
3. Lumber
4. Railroad Cars
5. Meatpacking
Arrival of Western Settlers
Accelerate assimilation through
Severalty
New Industries
Rise of the National market
Destruction of the Indian Reservation
System
Land is divided among Native American
Families

6. USHC-4.2
Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.

7. Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Growth
ACTION
IMPACT
Natural Resources
1.iron ore
2.coal
3.lumber
Building of the Transcontinental Railroad.
RAW materials for Industry
Government Support
Subsidies to RAILROADS
Free LAND to settlers
Cheap LOANS to Railroad Companies
Westward MIGRATION
PROTECTIVE Tariff
HIGH tariffs on imports
Protected AMERICAN industry from foreign COMPETITION

8. Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Growth
Labor Policy
RELAXED immigration policies
Government BREAKS UP strikes
ABUNDANCE of labor
Protect the BUSINESS owners
Development of International Markets
Expansion into the PACIFIC
Annexation of HAWAII
Spanish American WAR
New MARKETS to sell U.S. markets

9. USHC-4.3
Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.

10. Rise of Entrepreneurs and Big Business
Entrepreneurs used new TECHNOLOGY and business TACTICS to create corporations that controlled their industry.

11. How They Made Their Money
Andrew CARNAGIE
John ROCKEFELLAR
Business U.S STEEL
Business STANDARD OIL
VERTICAL Integration
Controlling all aspects of production
HORIZONTAL Integration
“Buying Out the Competition”
Tactics Used: PURCHASED MINES, PURCHASED RAILROADS. CREATED A MONOPOLY
Tactics Used: KICKBACKS, REBATES, UNDERCUT THE COMPETITION

12. How They Made Their Money
Justified by :
SOCIAL DARWINISM survival of the fittest in the business world
LAISSE FAIRE hands of the economy by the government

13. How They Made Their Money
Impact:
INCREASE in the availability of consumer goods
Increase in the U.S. STANDARD of living
Creation of business MONOPOLIES
New INDUSTRIES

14. USHC-4.4
Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and business

15. Impact of Industrial Growth
Farmers
Problem
Action
1. OverPRODUCTION   
2. Falling PRICES
3. Farm MORTAGED
Organize POLITICALLY
Regulate RAILROADS
Granger Laws
Interstate COMMERCE Act
Increase the supply of MONEY Bimetallism
Creation of the POPULIST Party

16. Goals of the Populists:
Graduated INCOME tax
Secret BALLOT
Popular Election of SENATORS
8 work day
Regulation of RAILROADS

17. PIVITOL POINT Election of 1896
William Jennings Bryan’s CROSS of Gold speech….. Protect the FARMERS
REPUBLICANS WIN

18. 2. COLLECTIV E bargaining
Labor
First Labor Unions
1.KNIGHTS OF LABOR
2.A.F.L.
Weapons of Labor
1. STRIKE
2. COLLECTIV E bargaining
3. CLOSED
Shop
Weapons of Business
1. YELLOW dog contracts
2. hire SCABS
3. LOCKouts
4. BLACKlists
Problems
Action
Long HOURS
UNSAFE conditions
Low WAGES
ABUNDANCE of labor
Support the POPULIST party
Formation of LABOR unions

19. Great Strikes Railroad Strike of 1877 Haymarket Strike Pullman Strike
Causes
WAGES CUT
RADICALS SET OFF BOMB
WORKERS STRIKE, PULLMAN CLOSED PLANT
Results
SENT TROOPS IN TO STOP STRIKE
SET PRECEDENT
TURNED PUBLIC AGAINST KNIGHTS OF LABOR
SENT TROOPS TO PUT DOWN STRIKE

20. USHC-4.5
Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.

21. Immigration and Urbanization
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was flooded with millions of “New Immigrants” from SOUTHERN and EASTERN --NEW IMMIGRANTS
Cites in the north were also flooded with FREED men from the South that moved North looking for economic opportunities

22. Resentment of “New Immigrants
They didn’t understand ENGLISH.
Their home countries lacked traditions of DEMOCRATIC government.
Their religions (CATHOLIC, JEW, BUDDHIST) were largely alien to native born Americans
They provided a steady supply of CHEAP LABOR, which undermined efforts by labor unions to get better wages.

23. In most cases, immigrants were too POOR to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely populated ETHNIC neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on POLITICAL machines, led by party bosses, to help them find jobs.

24. USHC-4.6
Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

25. Progressive Movement Jane Adams
Started the HULL House to help immigrant families
Teddy Roosevelt
Progressive President “TRUST Buster” -- “SQUARE Deal”
Broke up trusts and unfair business practices
Pure Created the FDA FOOD And DRUG Act
MEAT Inspection Act
Prompted by Upton Sinclair’s publication
COAL Strike
Used the MILITARY to end a strike
Conservation NATINAL PARKS

26. Woodrow Wilson
CLAYTON Antitrust Act
Strengthened the provisions of the
Sherman Antitrust Act
Federal RESERVE Act
A central BANKING system created to
regulate the MONETARY supply and INTERESTS RATES
Jacob Riis
author of How the Other Half Lives, exposed the poor conditions in urban TENAMENTS (low-rent apartments) and SWEATSHOPS, where immigrants performed cheap labor.
Progressive Amendments
16th GRADUATED INCOME TAX 
17TH DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS  
18TH PROHIBITION 
19th WOMAN’S SUFFRAGE